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History - Henry VIII
Henry VIII and Wolsey
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When did Henry become king? | 1509 |
| What was the population like in 1509? | 94% lived in the countryside and 6% lived in towns |
| What did people believe about social hierarchy? | That God had given them their place in society, and they had to respect those above them and care for those below them. |
| Give two facts about the Wool trade. | Wool was exported in particular to the Netherlands, increasing the wealth of merchants in cities & exports increased the wealth of the king as there was a tax on each sack of wool |
| Give two facts about the Cloth trade. | Exported to Europe, especially the Netherlands and Belgium. By 1540 up to 83% of cloth in Europe came from England. |
| What was the importance of London? | Biggest city with 60000, growing centre of trade and where the king and the royal court were frequently based. |
| What made the throne secure? | There were no rival contenders when his father passed, his older brother had died in 1502 |
| Why was Henry VII unpopular amongst the noblemen? | He had taxed them heavily. |
| What were the views on the Church? | It was a catholic country and the pope controlled the church, the Church was extremely powerful. |
| What were Henry's personal attributes? | Strong athlete, multi lingual, dancer and musician |
| What was the divine right of kings? | The idea/belief that Henry had been appointed by God. |
| Give two of Henry's beliefs as king. | The court and monarchy were at the centre of life in England and people had a duty to obey him. |
| What were 3 things Henry did in his style of government? | Used the Royal Council and Privy Chamber for decisions, had a personal advisor and gave power as routine tasks bored him. |
| What were 3 of Henry's strengths? | Young and different from his disliked father, had a team of experienced advisors who helped him and married to Catherine of Aragon who gave him strong connections to spain. |
| What were 3 of Henry's weaknesses? | Only 18 so little experience, took part in risky dangerous sports and happy to delegate power to others due to his little interest |
| Give 3 of Henry's aims. | Create a gov where he decided policy and ministers carried it out, achieve victory in battles and win back lands from France and create a dazzling court through dress and entertainment. |
| When did Wolsey become Lord Chancellor and Chief Minister? | 1515 |
| Give 3 elements of Wolsey's personality. | Extremely intelligent, very ambitious and willing to carry out the King's wishes. |
| What was the benefit of being Lord Chancellor and cardinal? | Strengthened power and large influence over the king and the Church |
| Give 3 reasons why Wolsey rose to power. | Member of the Royal Council in 1509 giving him opportunities to exert influence, did the important day-to-day tasks Henry avoided and organised a well equipped and well supplied army (France war 1512) |
| What was the issue with enclosure. | Poor had less land to graze animals & reduced land to tenant farmers |
| What did Wolsey do about enclosure? | Inquiry in 1517, 260 Court cases against landowners as a result of this and many angered |
| Give 3 things Wolsey did to bring equality to the justice system. | Oversaw cases himself, supported poor against rich cases and encouraged the poor to bring cases to court |
| What were the Eltham Ordinances? | Wolsey's rules which were 79 chapters long in 1526 to tackle the misspending of palaces |
| What did the Eltham Ordinances include? | Reduced gentlemen in the Privy Chamber from 12 to 6, laying off sick or unneeded servants and cutting spending on meals and servants |
| Why were the Eltham Ordinances unsuccessful? | Wolsey lost interest in them after he had reduced the Privy Council (his main aim) |
| How did Wolsey raise money for the King's battles abroad? | The subsidy (Tax on what you earned), Forced loans from major landowners (1522 and 1523) & crown lands from the nobility |
| Why was the Amicable Grant introduced? | The King of France defeated in 1525 by Charles V, Henry wanted to invade to take back land and the Amicable Grant would help pay for it |
| Why was the Amicable Grant controversial? | Other taxes such as the Subsidy had been approved by Parliament, this one hadn't & you only had 10 weeks to pay and many people couldn't afford. |
| Give 3 short term consequences of the Amicable Grant. | People refused to pay, rebellion in Suffolk with 10000 men showing anger and Henry made peace with France. |
| Give 3 long term consequences of the Amicable Grant. | Wolsey's reputation damaged badly, Wolsey unable to raise any further taxes and Henry began to doubt Wolsey's judgement. |
| What were 3 of Wolsey's aims abroad? | Create better relationships with France and the Habsburg empire, allow Henry to be seen to be a major peacemaker and make the major 2 powers against each other |
| What was the 1518 Treaty of London? | A treaty that promised universal peace by having each state follow a non-aggressive foreign policy |
| What were the effects of the Treaty of London? | Signed by 20 European leaders and the pope and placed Henry and Wolsey at the centre of European politics |
| What was the "Field of the Cloth of Gold"? | A meeting arranged by Wolsey where Henry and Francis I met and it benefited Henry. |
| Why was Henry's marriage to Catherine successful? | Henry was loving, Catherine was popular, strengthened relationship with spain. |
| Why was it a problem there was no male heir? | By 1527 Catherine was 42, it reflected badly on Henry's manhood. |
| Give 2 reasons why the marriage failed. | Henry lost interest and gained interest in Anne Boleyn & Henry thought he was being punished for marrying his brothers wife |
| What was the problem with the Annulment? | Only pope could approve and it would upset Charles V (her nephew) |
| How did it go down in 1527? | Henry instructed Wolsey to persuade Pope Clement VII to grant an annulment but he was reluctant |
| Why was support an issue for the annulment? | Because so many people supported her for her charitable work |
| How did the Boleyns destroy Wolsey? | Convinced Henry he was siding with the Pope and Henry loved Anne |
| When was Wolsey dismissed? | October 1929 |
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