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process vs personal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is process safety focus? | Process safety focuses on preventing catastrophic incidents such as explosions, toxic releases, or structural failures that could impact entire facilities. |
| What does process safety involve? | It involves managing risks associated with complex industrial processes, including the use of hazardous substances and high-pressure systems. |
| what is personal safety | Personal safety emphasises protecting individuals from immediate harm, such as slips, trips, falls, or equipment-related injuries. |
| difference between personal and process safety | While personal safety measures often address day-to-day hazards, process safety requires a broader, systemic approach to mitigate risks that could lead to large-scale consequences. |
| process safety definition | An organisation’s management system intended to prevent major incidents arising out of the production, storage and handling of dangerous substances" |
| process safety management system definition | An organisation’s management system intended to prevent major incidents arising out of the production, storage and handling of dangerous substances" |
| Comprehensive risk understanding – Leaders must know: 1- | Hazards in processing activities (e.g., hydrocarbon storage, high-pressure chemical reactions) |
| Comprehensive risk understanding – Leaders must know: 3 potential consequences | Safety: Major accidents (e.g., 2005 Buncefield explosion caused by fuel storage overfilling, injuring 40+ people) |
| potential consequence 2 | Reputation: Loss of public trust (e.g., 2011 Chevron Pembroke Refinery fire led to HSE enforcement notices) |
| potential consequence 3 | Financial/legal impacts (e.g., Total Lindsey Oil Refinery 2010 explosion resulted in £1.1M fines) |
| Proactive risk management through: 1. Active engagement with: | Safety data (e.g., COMAH 2015-required safety reports) |
| Proactive risk management through: 2. Active engagement with: | Incident investigations (e.g., HSG245-aligned root cause analysis) |
| Proactive risk management through: 3. Active engagement with: | Risk assessments (e.g., HAZOP studies meeting HSE's HSG254 guidelines) |
| Proactive risk management through: second step | Informed decision-making (e.g., deferring operations to address Safety Case-identified critical risks) |
| cultural reinforcement in what 3 ways | 1. Aligning with HSEs leadership for the Major Hazard Industries principles. |
| cultural reinforcement second step | Implementing UK CAER framework (Competence, Awareness, Engagement, Responsibility) |
| What does CAER stand for? | Competence, Awareness, Engagement, Responsibility. |
| Cultural reinforcement third step | Training per EU Seveso III directive (retained UK law post-Brexit) |
| What is COMAH 2015 | The Control of Major Accident Hazards regulations 2015 gives advice on scope of regs and duties imposed by them. |
| What is PUWER regulations 1998 | The provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998, ensures all work equipment is safe, suitable, maintained and personnel trained. |
| Example of good leadership | Drax power station safety star awards to workers who proactively address safety concerns and speak up. |
| Example of poor safety practice | B&A packing was fined 180,000 after an untrained worker lost fingers due to inadequate safety measures. |
| Which UK law states that Companies must provide adequate resources | Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, section 2 |
| What can happen when resources are cut short staffing | Short staffing- missed hazard- reduced maintenance team (chevron) pipe leak ignored HSE- inadequate staffing. |
| What can happen when resources are cut delayed repairs | Buncefield oil depot explosion, faulty level gague not replaced to save cost- massive explosion. |
| what can happen when resources are cut - out dated tools | PUWER 1998- equipment must be suitable and maintained. whiskey factory fined for using broken safety valve |
| What is the importance of a process safety management (PSM) system? | Helps organisations control hazards, meet legal requirements and maintain safe operations. |
| a strong PSM system reduces the chance of accidents by IDing and controlling hazards, how? | Uses strong engineering controls- pressure relief system and admin measures- safe work procedure, to prevent fire, explosion, toxic release. |
| PSM ensures orgs follow safety laws, avoid fines and ops distributions, name three standards | OSHA PSM (USA) Seveso Directive (EU) COMAH (UK). |
| Non compliance can lead to what? | Legal action, Shutdowns or Reputation harm. |
| ISO 45001 is what | International standard for Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) management system. |
| Process Safety Management PSM uses what to drive improvement | Audits, Training, Near-miss reporting, embeds safety into daily ops and encourage accountability. |
| Workplace safety (ISO 45001) OH&S Vs Process safety | ISO 45001 - covers daily hazards - slip, trips, falls, process safety prevents catastrophic failures, explosions, fires, toxic spills |
| What is PDCA | Plan Do Study Act cycle |
| Why does PDCA matter | Ensures compliance with regulations e.g- COMAH, HSG254. Reduces risk with structure planning and drives improvement is safety performance. |
| active Vs reactive monitoring | Active- before incident- Audit, inspections Reactive - after incident- Investigations, deviation analysis. |
| PDCA explained as | P- defines your goal and policies, D- implements procedures and training, C- Audits performance and investigates gaps A-refines system for ongoing improvement |
| What HSG guideance can you use to benchmark progress | HSE guidance HSG65 and HSG254 |
| What is a safety case? | IDs all major hazards, Details safety controls in place, includes emergency preparedness plans. |
| UK legal requirements (COMAH regulations) | COMAH requires risks reduced to (ALARP) HSE reviews safety cases for compliance. |
| When to conduct audits | internal/external audits annually- or after major changes. use checklist aligned with COMAH |
| when to update safety cases? | after audits, incidents or new HSE guidance. |
| remember cycle of review improve and educate which is? | Audit, Update and Train |
| What is MAPP? |
Created by:
krav