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PSYCH CH 32
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antigen | Substance, usually a protein fragment, that causes an immune response |
| Cold chain | Set of safe handling practices ensuring that vaccines and immunologic agents requiring refrigeration are maintained at the required temperature |
| Conjugate vaccine | Works by linking a bacterial polysaccharide to an antigen or toxoid so the immune system can recognize the bacteria and mount a strong immune response. |
| Immunomodulator | Agent that modifies the immune response or the functioning of the immune system ( adjust or modify immune function) |
| Immunosuppressant | Agent that inhibits a rapid increase of the cells of the immune system suppress immune cell activity to reduce immune responses. |
| Inactivated killed vaccine | provides less immunity than a live vaccine but has fewer risks for vaccine induced disease |
| Interferons | Antiviral proteins that enhance T-cell recognition of antigens (interferon-γ) and produce immune system suppression (interferon-α, interferon-β |
| interferon-α, interferon-β | interferons that suppress aspects of the immune system. |
| interferon-y | boosts t cell antigen recognition |
| live attenuated vaccine | contain a living microbe that has been weakened so it cannot cause illness in people with a normal immune system. |
| subunit vaccine | uses only a specific piece of the bacterium—such as a protein, sugar, or part of its outer coating—rather than the whole organism to safely trigger immunity. |
| Cytotoxic T cells | designed to destroy virus/bacteria are also released upon exposure to antigens |
| Polio, measles, mumps, rubella | Live, attenuated vaccines |
| Flu, hepatitis A, polio booster shots required | •Inactivated, killed vaccines |
| Tetanus and diphtheria | Toxoid vaccines |
| sub unit vaccines | Hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV) |
| •Conjugate vaccines | Hib = Haemophilus influenzae type b. |
| Cyclosporine | shuts down T‑cell activation and lowers interferon‑γ, which together reduce macrophage activity and calm the body’s inflammatory response. |
| mTor Kinase Inhibitors | •Everolimus and sirolimus ⮚ Used to prevent organ rejection in kidney transplant patients •Temsiolimus ⮚ Treatment of metastatic cancer of the kidneys |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil (CellCept) | •Prodrug metabolized to mycophenolic acid •Inhibits enzymes needed for T and B cell proliferation |
| immunomodulators | •Monoclonal antibodies •Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) •Intravenous γ-immune globulin •Rho(D) immune globulin •T-cell costimulation blocker |
| monoclonal antibodies | e immunomodulators that use lab‑engineered antibodies to precisely alter immune activity. |
| Rho(D) immune globulin | used to prevent an Rh‑negative mother from forming antibodies against Rh‑positive fetal blood. |
| Intravenous γ-immune globulin | Provides ready made antibodies given by IV to adjust or regulate the immune system’s activity. Helps regulate abnormal immune activity Can either boost immunity (when antibodies are lacking) Or dampen harmful immune responses |
| •T-cell costimulation blocker | a drug that prevents T‑cells from becoming fully activated. prevents T‑cells from receiving the second activation signal, stopping them from launching an immune response |
| suppress immune activity and are used for transplant rejection prevention, cancer therapy, or immune‑driven skin conditions | Macrolide immunosuppressants |
| Tacrolimus / PROTOPIC | Available in topical form (Protopic) for skin immune conditions |
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