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MED239 Chapter 7&8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What presents with a normal-appearing QRS complex and a rate of greater than 100 beats per minute. | Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) |
| What occur when there is a blockage or short-circuit in the normal electrical conduction pathway. | The reentry dysrhythmias, |
| The atrioventricular node and its surrounding tissue | AV junction |
| What may or may not cause the heart rhythm to be irregular depending on the number of PJCs present. | Premature junctional complexes (PJCs) |
| Signs and symptoms of low cardiac output that are often seen with junctional escape rhythm | Hypotension and Altered Mental Status |
| Accelerated junctional rhythm share | same distinguishing morphology as junctional escape rhythm; the only difference is the heart rate. |
| A junctional rhythm may have | inverted or absent P wave or a P wave that follows the QRS complex |
| The reverse flow of electrical activity, coming from the AV node or junction cause(s) | unique inverted P wave morphology seen in junctional dysrhythmias. |
| a single early electrical impulse that originates in the atrioventricular junction. | Premature junctional complex (PJC) |
| The rate for accelerated junctional rhythm is the same as | normal sinus rhythm, so it is unlikely the patient will show signs of low cardiac output. |
| The criterion needed to classify a dysrhythmia as a supraventricular tachycardia is | a wide QRS complex. |
| heart rate range for junctional escape rhythm | 40–60 beats per minute |
| extra blood that can be injected into the ventricles by the atria | atrial kick |
| the ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without independent stimulation | automaticity |
| a waveform with positive and negative deflections | biphasic |
| a cardiac cell that produces an ectopic beat | focus |
| pattern in which every third complex is a premature beat | trigeminy |
| Atrial dysrhythmias are caused by | an ectopic impulse in the right or left atrium. |
| stroke caused by hemorrhage in the brain or a clot in the cerebral artery | cerebrovascular accident |
| electrical impulse from outside the normal pacemaker site | ectopic impulse |
| damage to the heart muscle caused by a lack of oxygen, also known as heart attack | myocardial infarction |
| lack of oxygen to kidney tissue due to a blocked blood vessel | renal infarction |
| a blocked artery in the lungs usually caused by a blood clot | pulmonary embolism |
| The atrial origin is | Outside the SA node |
| What do PACs do | They interrupt the inherent regular rhythm. |
| A cardiac complex that occurs too soon. | PAC |
| If there are at least three different P wave morphologies in the same lead | wandering atrial pacemaker(WAP) |
| What happens with each PAC | The atria do not have time to fill completely before contraction. |
| In multifocal atrial tachycardia, the P wave | changes from beat to beat |
| What typically triggers MAT | An acute exacerbation of emphysema, CHF, or mitral valve regurgitation. |
| Multifocal atrial tachycardia has a heart rate | 101-150 |
| The extra blood that can be ejected into the ventricles by the atria. | atrial kick |
| Block is usually below the bundle of His. AV node conducts most impulses but occasionally blocks an impulse | Second-degree AV block, Type 2 (Mobitz 2) |
| indicated by three black lines is at the AV node, above the bundle of His, Impulses can travel through, but with more and more difficulty | Second-degree AV block, Mobitz type 1 |
| Impulses are conducted to the ventricles, but the impulses are delayed at the AV node | First-degree AV block |
| Block is somewhere in the bundle of His or bundle branches, No impulses are allowed through the block | Third-degree AV block (complete heart block |
| all electrical impulses originating above the ventricles are blocked and prevented from reaching the ventricles. | Third-degree AV block |
| no correlation between atrial and ventricular depolarization. | CHB (Third-degree AV block) |
| rhythm that would be present if abnormal impulses were ignored and removed from the tracing | underlying rhythm |
| rhythm that occurs when the SA node fails to initiate electrical activity, causing a backup pacemaker site to take over | junctional escape rhythm |
| extra electrical pathway between an atrium and ventricle short-circuits the normal pathway, resulting in tachycardia | Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome |
| lower than normal blood pressure | hypotension |
| widening at the base of the QRS complex due to ventricular pre-excitation | delta wave |
| AV node and surrounding tissue, including the bundle of His | AV junction |
| widening at the beginning of the QRS complex due to ventricular pre-excitation | Delta Wave |
| rhythm that occurs when the SA node fails to initiate the electrical activity | junctional escape rhythm |
| moving backward | retrograde |
| an ectopic focus originating above the ventricles in the atria or junctional region of the heart | supraventricular |
| The inherent rate of the AV junction | 40-60BPM |
| junctional escape rhythms originates in | The AV junction. |
| Junctional escape rhythms produce | retrograde depolarization of atrial tissue |
| ventricular rate in an accelerated junctional rhythm | 60-100 bpm |
| category of rapid rhythms in which the heart beats faster than 100 bpm. | supraventricular tachycardia |
| In junctional tachycardia, the P-P and R-R intervals | regular and occur at similar intervals |
| In SVT, why do the atria contract as soon as the ventricles relax | Because the heart rate is so rapid |
| one without signs and symptoms of decreased cardiac output | Stable Patient |
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