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Intro. to Elect 01

CO1_Introduction to Electricity - Electric Charge Basics - #1

QuestionAnswer
Coulomb's Law The electrostatic force between two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Coulomb Constant (k) A proportionality constant in Coulomb’s Law equal to 8.99 × 10^9 N·m²/C².
Inverse Square Relationship If distance doubles, electrostatic force becomes one‑fourth.
Vector Nature of Coulomb Force The force acts along the line joining the two charges and has direction.
Like Charges Charges with the same sign repel each other.
Unlike Charges Charges with opposite signs attract each other.
Quantization of Charge Electric charge exists in discrete packets, always in integer multiples of the elementary charge e.
Elementary Charge (e) The smallest unit of free charge, equal to 1.6 × 10^-19 C.
Charge of Proton +1e or +1.6 × 10^-19 C.
Charge of Electron −1e or −1.6 × 10^-19 C.
Conservation of Charge Charge cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred.
Closed System (Charge) Total charge remains constant in an isolated system.
Charging by Friction Transfer of electrons between two materials rubbed together.
Charging by Conduction Transfer of charge through direct contact between objects.
Charging by Induction Charging an object without direct contact by rearranging charges using a nearby charged object.
 

 



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