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pharm ch 29
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antibiotic | A substance produced by or derived from a microorganism that can destroy or inhibit the growth of another microorganism. |
| Antimicrobial | a substance that destroys/inhibits the growth of a microorganism |
| bactericidal | kills/destroys bacteria / patients feel better 24hrs after antbiotic |
| bacteriostatic | inhibits bacteria proliferation/stops bacteria from multiplying patients feel better after 3 days of antibiotic |
| broad specturm antibiotic | antimicrobial that destroys a wide range of bacteria |
| microbial resistance | ability of bacteria to survive despite the presence of drugs that are supposed to kill them (bactericidal) or stop them from multiplying (bacteriostatic). |
| culturual sensitivity test | test to see what antibiotic will kill bacteria causing infection - urine same for UTI |
| Amikacin •Gentamicin •Neomycin‡ •Streptomycin •Tobramycin • Tobrex®, Tobradex®(withdexamethasone) • InhalationTobi® | Aminoglycosides |
| Cefepime | 4th generation Cephalosporin |
| Cefotaxime ,ceftazidime ,ceftizoxime ◊,ceftriaxone ,cefixime(Suprax®), cefpodoxime | 3RD generation Cephalosporin |
| to treat pneumonia(community-acquired and nosocomial) and UTIs | 4th generation Cephalosporin MOA |
| used to treat bacterial meningitis, gonorrhea, intraabdominal infections, bone and joint infections | 3RD generation Cephalosporin MOA |
| most effective against staphylococcal infections and streptococcal infections of the skin and soft tissue caused by aerobic bacteria | 1ST generation Cephalosporin MOA |
| Cefazolin (Ancef®),cefadroxil,cephalexin(Keflex®),cephalothin | 1ST generation Cephalosporin |
| Cefaclor◊,cefotetan◊,cefoxitin ,cefuroxime( &POCeftin®),cefprozil(Cefzil®) | 2ST generation Cephalosporin |
| effective for treat upper respiratory infections | 2ST generation Cephalosporin MOA |
| •Ciprofloxacin(Cipro®,Ciloxan® ) •Gatifloxacin(Zymar® ) •Gemifloxacin◊ •Levofloxacin(Levaquin®)+ •Moxifloxacin(Avelox®,Vigamox® ) •Ofloxacin(Ocuflox® ) •Norfloxacin(Noroxin®) | Fluoroquinolones |
| •Azithromycin(Zithromax®) •Clarithromycin(Biaxin®) • Erythromycin base (immediate and delayed release) | Macrolides |
| Oxazolidinones | Linezolid |
| Cloxacillin | Antistaphylococcal penicillins |
| : Amoxicillin Ampicillin | Aminopenicillins |
| Piperacillin | Antipseudomonal penicillins |
| • Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (Clavulin®) • Piperacillin + tazobactam (Tazocin®) | Penicillin combinations (β‑lactam + β‑lactamase inhibitor) |
| Ertapenem (Invanz®) Imipenem + cilastatin (Primaxin®) Meropenem (Merrem®) | Carbapenems |
| Sulfadiazine (Flamazine® - silver sulfadiazine), Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (Septra®, Bactrim®, co-trimoxazole), and Sulfisoxazole. | Sulfonamides |
| •Demeclocycline◊ •Doxycyclinehyclate(Vibramycin®) •Doxycyclinemonohydrate(Apprilon®) •Minocycline(Minocin®) •Tetracycline •Tigecycline(Tygacil®) | Tetracyclines |
| Broad-spectrum can be either bactericidal or bacteriostatic. treat conditions like acne, sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, as well as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. | Tetracyclines more info |
| Used for the treatment of tuberculosis. | Isoniazid |
| an amebicide used for giardiasis, trichomoniasis, C. difficile, and rosacea—and emphasizes the important precaution to avoid alcohol | Metronidazole |
| Topically applied antimicrobial used to treat staphylococcal infections of the skin, such as impetigo. | Mupirocin (Bactroban®) |
| • A broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that inhibits protein synthesis • Used as second-line therapy when other, less toxic drugs cannot be used reserved for severe infections must not be used in neonates or children because of serious toxicity | Chloramphenico |
| Used for acne and vaginosis, this is the only drug in its class, the lincosamides. It’s associated with the development of C. difficile, so watch for diarrhea after the drug is finished. | •Clindamycin (DalacinT®,DalacinC®) |
| Destroys the protozoa that cause giardiasis (travellers diahrea) and trichomoniasis.(sti) | Metronidazole:(Flagyl®) |
| used to treat utis | Nitrofurantoin(MacroBID®,Macrodantin®) |
| • Fucithalmic® eye ointment • Fucidin® cream, ointment, Fucidin-H® (with hydrocortisone) • For skin and eye infections | Fusidic Acid |
| which class inhibits protein synthesis | Macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, linezolid |
| which class inhibits folic acid | Sulfonamides (trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole) |
| which class inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis | Fluoroquinolones, rifampin, metronidazole |
| rifampin | antibiotic that Inhibits DNA/RNA production |
| which class inhibits cell wall synthesis | Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems |
| which class inhibits cell wall function | Polymyxin B |
| (SMX‑TMP) Bactrim or Septra | sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim combination antibiotic medication together causes a powerful antifolate/synergistic effect |
| -cycline | ABBREVEATION FOR Tetracyclines |
| -thromycin | Macrolides ABBEREVIATION |
| - floxacin | Fluoroquinolones ABBREVIATION |
| -mycin | Aminoglycosides ABBREVIATION |
| -penem | Carbapenems ABBREVIATION |
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