Question 1

soil characteristics

Accepted Answer

-PH
-texture
-colour
-organic content 
-water content
-structure

Question 2

things that affect soil characteristics

Accepted Answer

Weathering 
Podzolation
Leaching

Question 3

Aspect 1 weathering

Weathering is the .... into.... by......ways.  It provides the soils with ...

Accepted Answer

Weathering is the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by chemical or mechanicals ways.  It provides the soils with minerals

Question 4

weathering 

.....weathering dissolves parent rock e.g. limestone into ...., ...rain neutralises the dissolved material releasing .... into water which the soil absorbs altering the soils .....

Accepted Answer

chemical weathering dissolves parent rock e.g. limestone into calcium bicarbonate, acid rain neutralises the dissolved material releasing minerals into water which the soil absorbs altering the soils mineral contents

Question 5

weathering

Physical processes like ........ shatters parent rock into little angular pieces which create ...... E.g granite into sandy soils. These soil gaps influence ..... creating a ..... yet well-drained soil.

Accepted Answer

Physical processes like freeze-thaw action shatters parent rock into little angular pieces which create soil gaps. E.g granite into sandy soils. These soil gaps influence texture and structure creating a grainy yet well-drained soil.

Question 6

weathering 

..... breaks down iron bearing minerals in parent rock, causing the ...  and formation of .... elements.

Accepted Answer

Oxidation breaks down iron bearing minerals in parent rock, causing the rusting and formation of trace elements.

Question 7

Weathering

Hydrolysis is a ...... where ...  gets into granite changing the component ... into ... becoming the ...  of the soil. This breaks down .... ... which soil absorb

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis is a chemical process where water gets into granite changing the component (Veldspar) into clay becoming the body of the soil. This breaks down rocks mineral content which soil absorb

Question 8

weathering

..... is a weathering process that breaks down .... ... e.g sandstone when its ... rich grains absorb water, .....  .... surrounding grains ....

Accepted Answer

Hydration is a weathering process that breaks down parent rock e.g sandstone when its silica rich grains absorb water, swell, and push surrounding grains apart.

Question 9

weathering

Weathering produces .... ... that ....  transport and deposit on ....  adding mineral-rich, fine particles e.g ....  to the soil. This forms ....  soils with a ....  structure containing good .... and high ....

Accepted Answer

Weathering produces fine silt that rivers transport and deposit on floodplains, adding mineral-rich, fine particles e.g alluvium to the soil. This forms loam soils with a crumb structure containing good drainage, and high fertility.

Question 10

weathering

..... weathering strongly influences soil texture. It grinds rock into ...... . When the glacier melts these ....  are picked up by winds, forming deposits of .... which creates .... , .... soils as well as a ........

Accepted Answer

Glacial weathering strongly influences soil texture. It grinds rock into fine particles. When the glacier melts these particles are picked up by winds, forming deposits of loess which creates deep, fertile soils as well as a crumb structure.

Question 11

weathering

Biological  weathering causes roots and ....  to break apart rock and soil, creating pore spaces that improve .... and ..... this influences the soils' .... and .... ....

Accepted Answer

Biological weathering causes roots and mycelium to break apart rock and soil, creating pore spaces that improve aeration and drainage this influences the soils' structure and water retention.

Question 12

weathering 
root activity also alters ... and draws dissolved nutrients from the soil into the plant, removing ..... and changing the  ... .....

Accepted Answer

Root activity also alters pH and draws dissolved nutrients from the soil into the plant, removing minerals and changing soil chemistry.

Question 13

leaching 
aspect 1

Leaching causes the .... minerals and... in soils to be ....  due to heavy ......

Accepted Answer

Leaching causes the soluble minerals and nutrients in soils to be washed out due to heavy rainfall.

Question 14

leaching 

Leaching washes .. out of the ... horizon soil relocating them deeper in the soil profile. This causes .. ... and creates a clearer ... ...  benefiting ... ... plants e.g. ....

Accepted Answer

Leaching washes minerals out of the A horizon soil relocating them deeper in the soil profile. This causes deeper fertility and creating a clearer horizon structure benefiting Deep rooted plants e.g. tap roots,

Question 15

leaching

... temps and ..... cause mass amounts of leaching depositing ... and ...... .... out of the soil. Oxidation of the iron occurs which can give the soil a ....... colour.

Accepted Answer

High temps and rainfall cause mass amounts of leaching depositing iron and aluminium oxides out of the soil. Oxidation of the iron occurs which can give the soil a reddish-brown colour.

Question 16

leaching

However, over leaching can cause the ... ... .... to form a hard .....  pan of ...... soil causing water logging and .....  loss.

Accepted Answer

However, over leaching can cause the iron and aluminium oxides to form a hard impermeable pan of laterite soil causing water logging and structural loss.

Question 17

leaching

This deposit of ... and ....  can also result in the formation of b.... which is a highly valuable mineral accumulation frequently mined and used in industry.

Accepted Answer

This deposit of alluvium and iron can also result in the formation of bauxite which is a highly valuable mineral accumulation frequently mined and used in industry.

Question 18

leaching

... ...  is broken down by organisms on the ....soil forming ....., leaching allows for the distribution of this ...... through the soil layers creating over all fertile soils.

Accepted Answer

Organic matter is broken down by organisms on the topsoil forming humus, leaching allows for the distribution of this hummus through the soil layers creating over all fertile soils.

Question 19

leaching

When vegetation is removed from topsoils, leaching can wash minerals ... ... into the profile, depleting topsoil f....  and weakening ... .... leading to g....

Accepted Answer

When vegetation is removed from topsoils, leaching can wash minerals too deep into the profile, depleting topsoil fertility and weakening soil structure leading to gullying.

Question 20

leaching

The ....  layer formed from over leaching can cause mass ....... . This reduces .....  due to plant roots being unable to penetrate the soil which weakens soil structure. slowed decomposition occurs which causes gleying.

Accepted Answer

The laterite layer formed from over leaching can cause mass Waterlogging. This reduces aeration due to plant roots being unable to penetrate the soil which weakens soil structure. slowed decomposition occurs which causes gleying.

Geography

geo-ecology characteristics of soils

SRP	Answer
soil characteristics	-PH -texture -colour -organic content -water content -structure
things that affect soil characteristics	Weathering Podzolation Leaching
Aspect 1 weathering Weathering is the .... into.... by......ways. It provides the soils with ...	Weathering is the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by chemical or mechanicals ways. It provides the soils with minerals	aspect 1 Chemical weathering influences soil ....making it either acidic or alkaline whereas .... weathering influences soil ..... determining the ..... of the soil and its structure whether that’s ...., blocky or .....	Chemical weathering influences soil PH making it either acidic or alkaline whereas physical weathering influences soil structure determining the permeability of the soil and its structure whether that’s crumb, blocky or platy.
weathering .....weathering dissolves parent rock e.g. limestone into ...., ...rain neutralises the dissolved material releasing .... into water which the soil absorbs altering the soils .....	chemical weathering dissolves parent rock e.g. limestone into calcium bicarbonate, acid rain neutralises the dissolved material releasing minerals into water which the soil absorbs altering the soils mineral contents
weathering Physical processes like ........ shatters parent rock into little angular pieces which create ...... E.g granite into sandy soils. These soil gaps influence ..... creating a ..... yet well-drained soil.	Physical processes like freeze-thaw action shatters parent rock into little angular pieces which create soil gaps. E.g granite into sandy soils. These soil gaps influence texture and structure creating a grainy yet well-drained soil.
weathering ..... breaks down iron bearing minerals in parent rock, causing the ... and formation of .... elements.	Oxidation breaks down iron bearing minerals in parent rock, causing the rusting and formation of trace elements.	This rusting creates a ..... colour in soils. This process lowers .... and increases .... , as the released iron becomes an essential nutrient absorbed by plants.	This rusting creates a reddish colour in soils. This process lowers soil pH and increases fertility, as the released iron becomes an essential nutrient absorbed by plants.
Weathering Hydrolysis is a ...... where ... gets into granite changing the component ... into ... becoming the ... of the soil. This breaks down .... ... which soil absorb	Hydrolysis is a chemical process where water gets into granite changing the component (Veldspar) into clay becoming the body of the soil. This breaks down rocks mineral content which soil absorb
weathering ..... is a weathering process that breaks down .... ... e.g sandstone when its ... rich grains absorb water, ..... .... surrounding grains ....	Hydration is a weathering process that breaks down parent rock e.g sandstone when its silica rich grains absorb water, swell, and push surrounding grains apart.	This produces ..., .... particles that form sandy, well drained soils with ... pore spaces influencing the soils .... ....	This produces loose, coarse particles that form sandy, well drained soils with large pore spaces influencing the soils texture and structure.
weathering Weathering produces .... ... that .... transport and deposit on .... adding mineral-rich, fine particles e.g .... to the soil. This forms .... soils with a .... structure containing good .... and high ....	Weathering produces fine silt that rivers transport and deposit on floodplains, adding mineral-rich, fine particles e.g alluvium to the soil. This forms loam soils with a crumb structure containing good drainage, and high fertility.
weathering ..... weathering strongly influences soil texture. It grinds rock into ...... . When the glacier melts these .... are picked up by winds, forming deposits of .... which creates .... , .... soils as well as a ........	Glacial weathering strongly influences soil texture. It grinds rock into fine particles. When the glacier melts these particles are picked up by winds, forming deposits of loess which creates deep, fertile soils as well as a crumb structure.
weathering Biological weathering causes roots and .... to break apart rock and soil, creating pore spaces that improve .... and ..... this influences the soils' .... and .... ....	Biological weathering causes roots and mycelium to break apart rock and soil, creating pore spaces that improve aeration and drainage this influences the soils' structure and water retention.
weathering root activity also alters ... and draws dissolved nutrients from the soil into the plant, removing ..... and changing the ... .....	Root activity also alters pH and draws dissolved nutrients from the soil into the plant, removing minerals and changing soil chemistry.
leaching aspect 1 Leaching causes the .... minerals and... in soils to be .... due to heavy ......	Leaching causes the soluble minerals and nutrients in soils to be washed out due to heavy rainfall.	it typically occurs in .... climates and can be both positive and negative as it allows for further .... depth but can also result in minerals becoming ... .. ..... for plants.	it typically occurs in tropical climates and can be both positive and negative as it allows for further mineral depth but can also result in minerals becoming out of reach for plants.
leaching Leaching washes .. out of the ... horizon soil relocating them deeper in the soil profile. This causes .. ... and creates a clearer ... ... benefiting ... ... plants e.g. ....	Leaching washes minerals out of the A horizon soil relocating them deeper in the soil profile. This causes deeper fertility and creating a clearer horizon structure benefiting Deep rooted plants e.g. tap roots,
leaching ... temps and ..... cause mass amounts of leaching depositing ... and ...... .... out of the soil. Oxidation of the iron occurs which can give the soil a ....... colour.	High temps and rainfall cause mass amounts of leaching depositing iron and aluminium oxides out of the soil. Oxidation of the iron occurs which can give the soil a reddish-brown colour.
leaching However, over leaching can cause the ... ... .... to form a hard ..... pan of ...... soil causing water logging and ..... loss.	However, over leaching can cause the iron and aluminium oxides to form a hard impermeable pan of laterite soil causing water logging and structural loss.
leaching This deposit of ... and .... can also result in the formation of b.... which is a highly valuable mineral accumulation frequently mined and used in industry.	This deposit of alluvium and iron can also result in the formation of bauxite which is a highly valuable mineral accumulation frequently mined and used in industry.
leaching ... ... is broken down by organisms on the ....soil forming ....., leaching allows for the distribution of this ...... through the soil layers creating over all fertile soils.	Organic matter is broken down by organisms on the topsoil forming humus, leaching allows for the distribution of this hummus through the soil layers creating over all fertile soils.
leaching When vegetation is removed from topsoils, leaching can wash minerals ... ... into the profile, depleting topsoil f.... and weakening ... .... leading to g....	When vegetation is removed from topsoils, leaching can wash minerals too deep into the profile, depleting topsoil fertility and weakening soil structure leading to gullying.
leaching The .... layer formed from over leaching can cause mass ....... . This reduces ..... due to plant roots being unable to penetrate the soil which weakens soil structure. slowed decomposition occurs which causes gleying.	The laterite layer formed from over leaching can cause mass Waterlogging. This reduces aeration due to plant roots being unable to penetrate the soil which weakens soil structure. slowed decomposition occurs which causes gleying.

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