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Psych unit 2 pt 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| intelligence | the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
| charles spearman | believed we have one general intelligence, or g. |
| factor analysis | to cluster together test items by task to see if scores from one subtask were comparable to others. |
| LL Thurstone | was an early critic of general intelligence and identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities. |
| fluid intelligence | our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, tends to decrease with age especially during late adulthood |
| crystallized intelligence | our accumluated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increase with age |
| Cattell-Horn-Carol theory | the theory that our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc. |
| Howard Gardner | argues that intelligence should be measured in plurality rather than singularity. His multiple intelligence theory proposes eight relatively independent intelligences. |
| Savant Syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. |
| grit | in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals. |
| emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. |
| intelligence test | a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. |
| achievement test | a test designed to assess what a person has learned. |
| aptitude test | a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn. |
| Mental age | a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8. |
| stanford binet | the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test. |
| intelligence quotient | defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca x 100). On contemporary tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100. |
| Wechsler adult intelligence scale | the WAIS and it companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence test; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. |
| psychometrics | the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits. |
| standardization | defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. |
| normal curve | the bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes. |
| flynn effect | the rise in intelligent test performance over time and across cultures. |
| reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting. |
| validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it’s supposed to (see also predictive validity). |
| content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. |
| predictive validity | the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion-related validity.) |
| cross sectional study | research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time. |
| longitudinal study | research that follows and retests the same people over time. |
| cohort | a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as being from a given time period. |
| growth mindset | a focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed. |
| fixed mindset | the view that intelligences, abilities, and talents are unchangeable, even with effort. |
| stereyotype threat | a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. |
Created by:
hoffemil