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Ch5

TermDefinition
Evolution in general terms, change over time,
Gene a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait,
Mutation A change in DNA
Genetic Drift biological evolution that occurs by chance,
Natural Selection the process by which traits that improve an organism's chances for survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to offspring than those that do not,
Fitness the degree to which an organism can reproduce successfully in its environment,
Adaptation a heritable trait that increases the likelihood of an individual's survival and reproduction,
Artificial Selection a human-controlled process to produce individuals with certain traits,
Speceiation the process by which new species are generated,
Extintion All of a species die out
Niche an organism's habitat, resource use, and fundamental role in a community,
Tolerance the ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions,
Resource Partitioning : a process that allows different species to share common resources,
Predation the process by which individuals of one species (the predators) hunt, capture, and feed on individuals of another species (the prey),
Coevolution the process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other,
Parasitism a relationship between two organisms from different species in which one organism (the parasite) depends on the other (the host) for nourishment or some other benefit,
Symbiosis long-term and physically close relationship between two organisms from different species in which at least one organism benefits; commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism are all symbiotic relationships,
Herbivory he act of feeding on a plant,
Mutualism relationship between two organisms from different species in which both organisms benefit,
Commensilism relationship between two organisms from different species in which one benefits and the other is unaffected,
Primary Producer organism that can capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it; also called autotroph,
Photosynthesis he process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen,
Chemosynthesis e process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars,
Consumer an organism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients; also called heterotroph,
Cellular Respiration the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars, producing carbon dioxide and water,
Herbivore Eats plants
Carnivore Eats Meat
Omnivore Eats plants and animals/meat
Detrivore n organism (e.g., a millipede or soil insect) that scavenges the waste products or dead bodies of other community members,
Decomposer Something that decomposes other things
Trophic Level a rank in a feeding hierarchy,
Biomass he total amount of living tissue in a trophic level,
Food Chain linear series of feeding relationships,
Food Web diagram of feeding relationships and energy flow showing the paths by which nutrients and energy pass from organism to organism as one consumes another,
Keystone Species species that has a strong or wide-ranging impact on a community,
Succession a somewhat predictable series of changes over time in a community,
Primary Succession e somewhat predictable series of changes in a community that follows a disturbance so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains,
Pioneer Species one of the first species to colonize newly exposed land,
Secondary Succession somewhat predictable series of changes in a community that follows a disturbance (e.g., a fire, logging, or farming) that dramatically alters the community but does not destroy all vegetation or soil life,
Invasive Species nonnative species that spreads widely in a community,
Created by: user-1973642
 

 



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