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Chapter 5 vocab

TermDefinition
evolution as a general term, means change over time.
gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait.
mutations are changes in DNA.
genetic drift biological evolution that occurs by chance.
natural selection is the process by which traits that improve an organisms chances for survivial and reproduction.
fitness describes how reproductively successful an organism is in its environment
adaptation a heritable trait that increases an individuals fitness
artificial selection this process of selection conducted under human direction
speciation the process by which new species are generated.
extinction the disappearance of species from earth
niche describes its use of resources and its functional role in a community.
tolerance is the ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions.
resource partitioning because the species partition, or divide, the resource they use in common.
predation is the process by which an individual of one species, a predator, hunts,captures, kills, and consumes an individual of another species, the prey.
coevolution is the process by which two species evolve in response to change in each other.
parasitism is a relationship in which one organism, the parasite, depends on another, the host, for, nourishment or some other benefit.
symbiosis as a long lasting and physically close relationship in which at least one organism benefits.
herbivory the interaction in which an animals feeds on a plant.
mutualism a relationship in which two or more species benefit.
commensalism describes a relationship which one species benefit and other is unaffected.
primary producers energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it has to enter an ecosystem somehow.
photosynthesis is the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar, releasing oxygen along the way.
chemosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars in a process
consumers organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients.
herbivores most primary consumers, such as deer and grasshoppers, eat plants.
carnivores most secondary and tertiary consumers kill and eat other animals.
omnivores animals that can eat both plant and animal food.
detritivores such as millipedes and soil insects, consume detritus nonliving organic matter including leaf litter, waste products, and dead bodies of other community memebers.
decomposers such as fungi and bacteria, break down nonliving matter into simpler parts that can then be taken up and reused by primary producers.
trophic level is its rank in feeding hierarchy.
biomass is the total amount of living tissue it contains.
food chain is a linear series of feeding relationships.
food web is a visual map of feeding relationship and energy flow, showing the many paths by which energy and nutrients pass among organisms as they consume one another.
keystone species a species that has strong or wide reaching impact on community.
succession when this occures, a community experiences a somewhat predictable series of changes over time that ecologists call.
primary succession when a disturbance is so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains.
pioneer species species that colonize the newly exposed land first.
secondary succession unlike primary succession, begin when a disturbance,such as fire, logging, or farming, dramatically alters an existing community but does not destroy all living thing or all organic matter in the soil.
invasive species is a nonnative organism that spreads widely in a community.
Created by: seyanah colon
 

 



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