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Chapter 5 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | As a general term, means"change over time". |
| Gene | A sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait. |
| Mutations | Changes in DNA. |
| Genetic drift | Biological evolution. |
| Natural selection | Is the process by which traits that improve an organism's chance for survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than those that do not. |
| Fitness | Describes how reproductively successful an organism is its environment. |
| Adaptation | A heritable trait that increases and individual's fitness. |
| Artificial selection | This process of selection conducted under human direction. |
| Speciation | The process by which new species are generated. |
| Extinction | The disappearance of species from Earth. |
| Tolerance | Is the ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions. |
| Niche | Describes its use of resources and functional role in the community. |
| Resource partitioning | The species partition, or divide,the resource they use in common by specializing in different ways. |
| Predation | The process in which an individual of one species, a predator,hunts,captures,kills, and consumes an individual of another species,the prey. |
| Coevolution | The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other. |
| Parasitism | A relationship in which one organism, the parasite,depends on another, the host is harmed. |
| Symbiosis | A long-lasting and physically close relationship in which at least one organism benefits. |
| Herbivory | The interaction in which an animal feeds a plant. |
| Mutualism | A relationship in which two or more species benefit. |
| Commensalism | One species benefits and the other unaffected. |
| Primary producer | Capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it in the bonds of sugar making energy available to the rest of the community. |
| Photosynthesis | Use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen along the way. |
| Chemosynthesis | To convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars. |
| consumers | Organisms that rely on other organisms for energy. |
| Cellular respiration | the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars |
| herbivores | organisms with a plant based diet |
| carnivores | organisms with a meat based diet |
| omnivores | organisms that eat both pants and meat |
| Detritivores | organisms that consume nonliving organic matter |
| decomposers | organisms that break down nonliving matter into simpler parts |
| trophic level | an organisms rank in the feeding hierarchy |
| Biomass | Is the total amount of living tissue. |
| Food chain | a linear series of feeding relationships |
| food web | a visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow |
| keystone species | a species that has a strong or wide reaching impact on a community |
| succession | a community experiences a somewhat predictable series of changes over time that ecologists call this. |
| primary succession | when a disturbance is so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains |
| pioneer species | are well adapted for colonization, often have spores or seeds that can travel long distances, helping them spread quickly across the land. |
| secondary succession | unlike primary succession, begins when a disturbance, such as a fire, logging, or farming. |
| invasive species | a nonnative organism that spreads widely in a community. |
Created by:
Kamyrah