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chapter 5 vocab 9

TermDefinition
evolution a change in a population's gene pool over time.
gene a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait.
mutations changes in DNA.
genetic drift Biological evolution that occurs by chance.
Natural selection the process by which traits that improve an organism's changes for survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than those that do not.
fitness how reproductively successful an organism is in its environment.
adaptation a heritable trait that increases an individual's fitness.
artificial selection this process of selection conducted under human direction.
speciation the process by which new species are generated.
extinction the disappearance of a species from Earth.
niche describes its use of resources and its functional role in a community.
tolerance the ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions.
resource partitioning species partition, or divide, the resource they use in common by specializing in different ways.
predation the process by which an individual of one species, a predator, hunts, captures, kills and consumes an individual of another species, the pray.
coevolution is the process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other.
parasitism a relationship in which one organism, the parasite, depends on another, the host, for nourishment or some other benefit.
symbiosis a long lasting and physically close relationship in which at least one organism benefits.
herbivory the interaction in which an animal feeds on a plant.
mutualism a relationship in which two or more species benefit.
commensalism a relationship in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected (+/0).
primary producers captures energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it in the bonds of sugars, making energy available to the rest of the community.
photosynthesis the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen along the way.
chemosynthesis. a process that converts carbon dioxide and water into sugars in a process.
consumers Organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients.
cellular respiration the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars such as glucose, releasing carbon dioxide and water as a byproduct.
herbivores primary consumer, such as deer and grasshoppers, eat plants.
carnivores secondary and tertiary consumers kill and eat other animals.
omnivores animals that eat both plant and animal food.
detritivores millipedes and soil insects, consumers detritus, nonliving organic matter including leaf litter, waste products, and the dead bodies of other community members.
decomposers fungi and bacteria, break down nonliving matter into simpler parts that can then be taken up and reused by primary producers.
topic level a rank in a feeding hierarchy.
biomass the topic level's total amount of living tissue it contains.
food chain a linear series of feeding relationships.
food web a visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow.
keystone species a species that has strong or wide reaching impacts on a community.
succession a community experiences a somewhat predictable series of changes over time that ecologist call.
primary succession when a disturbance is so severe that no vegetation or soil like remains.
pioneer species species have colonize the newly exposed land first.
secondary succession begins when a disturbance, such as fire, logging, or farming, dramatically alters an existing community but does not destroy all living things or all organic matter in the soil.
invasive species a nonnative organism that spreads widely in a community.
Created by: gomezbri
 

 



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