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chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gene | a sequence of dna that codes for a particular trait |
| mutation | a change in dna |
| evolution | In general terms change over time |
| Genetic drift | Biological evolution that occurs by chance |
| Natural selection | The process which traits that improve an organisms answers for survival and reproduction or past on more frequently to offspring then those that do not |
| fitness | the degree to which an organism can reproduce successfully in its environment |
| adaptation | a heritable trait that increases the likelihood of an individuals survival and reproduction |
| artificial selection | a human-controlled process to produce individuals with certain traits |
| speciation | the process by which new species are generated |
| extinction | the disappearance of a species from earth |
| niche | an organisms habitat resource use and fundamental |
| tolerance | the ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions |
| resource partitioning | a process that allows different species to share common resources |
| predation | the process by which individuals of one species hunt,capture,and feed on individuals of another species |
| coevolution | the process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| parasitism | a relationship between two organisms from different species in which one organism depends on the other for nourishment or some other benefit |
| symbiosis | a long term and physically close relationship between two organisms from different species |
| herbivory | the act of feeding on a plant |
| multualism | a relationship between two organisms from different species in which both organisms benefit |
| commensalism | a relationship between two organisms from different species in which one benfits and the other is unaffected |
| primary producer | an organism that can capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it called autotroph |
| photosynthesis | the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen |
| chemosynthesis | the process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars |
| consumer | an organism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients called heterotroph |
| cellular respiration | the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars producing carbon dioxide and water |
| nerbivore | an organisms that eats plants |
| carnivore | an animal that kills and eats other animals |
| omnivore | an animal that eats both plants and animals |
| detritivore | an organism that scavenges the waste products or dead bodies of other community members |
| decomposer | an organisms that breaks down non living matter into simple parts that can then be taken up and resued by primary producers |
| trophic level | a rank in a feeding hierarchy |
| biomass | the total amount of living tissue in a trophic level |
| food chain | a linear series of feeding relationships |
| food web | a diagram of feeding relationships and energy flow showing the paths |
| keystone species | species that a strong or wide ranging impact on a community |
| ssuccession | a somewhat predictable series of changes over time in a community |
| pioneer species | one of the first species to colonize newly exposed land |
| invasive species | a nonnative species that spreads widely in a community |
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