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CH 5 Vocab

Scientific Method

TermDefinition
evolation in general terms, change over time, 126
Gene a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait,126
mutation a change in DNA, 127
genetic drift an oganism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients ñ also called heterotrph ,84, 142
natural selection the pelrocess by which organisms use oxygen to relcase the chemical energy of sugaes, producing carbon dioxie and wetar,85, 143
fitness an organism that eats plants, 143
adaptation a chemical that kills and eats other animals , 143
artificial selection an animal that eats both plants and animals, ç143
speciation a human-controlled process to produce individuals with certain traits, 130
extintion an organism (e.g., a fungus or bacterium) that breaks down nonliving matter into simple parts that can then be taken up and reused by primary producers, 84, 143
niche a organism's habitat, resource use, and fundamental role in a community, 133
tolerance the ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions, 134
resource anything an organism needs; includes nutrition, shelter, mates, and breeding sites, 103
perasitism a relationship between two organisms from different species in which one organism (the parasite) depends on the other (the host) for nourishment or some other benefit, 138
symbiosis a long-term and physically close relationship between two organisms from different species in which at least one organism benefits; commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism are all symbiotic relationships, 138
herbivoro rganismo que se alimenta de plantas
mutualism a relationship between two organisms from different species in which both organisms benefit, 139
commensalism a relationship between two organisms from different species in which one benefits and the other is unaffected, 140
primary producer an organism that can capture energy from the sun or fro
photosynthesis the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen, 84, 142
chemosynthesis the process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water into 142 sugars
celluar repiration the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars, producing carbon dioxide and water, 85, 143
herbivore an organism that eats plants, 143
carnivore an animal that kills and eats other animals, 143
omnivore an animal that cats both plants and animals ,143
detritivore an organism (e.g., a millipede or soil insect) that scavenges the waste products or dead bodies of other community members, 143
decomposer an organism (e.g., a fungus or bacterium) that breaks down nonliving matter into simple parts that can then be taken up and reused by primary producers, 84, 143
trophic level a rank in a feeding hierarchy, 144
biomass the total amount of living tissue in a trophic level, 145
food chain a linear series of feeding relationships, 146
food web diagram of feeding relationships and energy flow showing the paths by which nutrients and energy pass from organism to organism as one consumes another, 146
keystone species a species that has a strong or wide- ranging impact on a community, 148
succession a somewhat predictable series of changes over time in a community, 149
primary succession the somewhat predictable series of changes in a community that follows a disturbance so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains, 150
pioneer species one of the first species to colonize newly exposed land, 150
secodary succession the somewhat predictable series of changes in a community that follows a disturbance (e.g., a fire, logging, or farming) that dramatically alters the community but does not destroy all vegetation or soil life, 151
invasive species a nonnative species that spreads widely in a community, 153
Created by: sarah1233335
 

 



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