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chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| evolution | change over time |
| gene | is a sequence of DNA that codes for a paticular |
| mutation | Are changes in DNA |
| genetic drift | Biological evolution that occurs by chance |
| natural selection | is the process by which traits that improve an organisms chances for survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than those that do not |
| fitness | how reproductively successful an organism in its enviroment |
| adaptation | a heritable trait that increases an individual's fitness |
| artificial selection | |
| speciation | the process by which new species are generated |
| extinction | the disappearance of |
| niche | describes its use of resources and its functional role in a community |
| tolerance | is the ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental condition |
| resource partition | |
| predation | is the process by which an individual of one species,a predator,hunts,captures,kills,and consumes an individual of another species,the prey |
| coevolution | is the process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| parasitism | is a relationship in which one organism, the parasite, depends on another, the host is harmed |
| symbiosis | a long lasting and physically close relationship in which at least one organism benefits |
| herbivory | the interaction in which an animal feeds on a plant |
| mutualism | A relationship in which two or more species benefit |
| commensalism | describes a relationship in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected |
| primary producers | plants that capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it in the bonds of sugars, making energy available to the rest of the community |
| photosynthesis | is the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen along the way |
| chemosynthesis | primary producers such as bacteria use energy stored in the bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars in a process |
| consumer | make the use of the chemical energy stored by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis |
| cellular respiration | is the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars such as glucose, release the carbon dioxide and water as a byproduction |
| herbivore chemosynthesis | most primary consumers, such as deer and grasshoppers, cat plants |
| omnivore | animals that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores |
| detritivor | ecosystems have recyclers called detritivores and decompososers |
| decomposer | |
| trophic level | it ranks in a feeding hierarchy |
| biomass | is the total amount of living tissue it contains |
| food chain | is a linear series of feeding relationships |
| food wed | is a visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow, showing the many paths by which energy and nutrentds |
| keystone species | a species that has stronger or wide reaching impact on a community |
| succession | when this occurs, a community experiences a somewhat predictable series of changes over time that ecologists |
| primary succession | when a disturbance is so servere that no vegetation or soil life remains |
| pioneer species | species that colonize the newly exposed land first |
| secondary succession | unlike primary succession, begins when a disturbance, such as fire, logging, or farming, dramatically alters an existing community but does not destroy all living things or all organic matter in the soil |
| invasive species | is a nonnative organism that spreads wildly in a community |
Created by:
Jamierosas