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Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| evolution | in general terms change over time |
| gene | a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait |
| mutation | a change in DNA |
| genetic drift | biological evolution that occurs by chance |
| natural selection | the process by which traits that improve an organism chances for survival and reproduction are passes on more frequently |
| fitness | the degree to which a organism can reproduce successfully in its environment |
| adaptation | a hertiable trait that increases the likelihood of an individuals survival and reproduction |
| artificial selection | a human controlled process to produce individuals with certain trace |
| speciation | the process by which a new species are generated |
| extinction | the disappearance of a species from Earth |
| niche | an organism habitat resource use and fundamental role in a community |
| tolerance | the ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions |
| resource | anything an orgasm includes nutrition shelter mates and breeding sites |
| partitioning | the division of resources, information, or choices into smaller, separate units or categories. |
| predation | the process by which individuals of one species (the predators) hunt capture and feed on the individuals of the other species (the prey) |
| co-evolution | the process by which evolve in response to each other |
| parasitism | a relationship between two organisms from different species in which one organism (the parasite) depends on the other (the host) for nourishment or some other benefit |
| symbiosis | a close, prolonged association between two or more different biological species. |
| herbivory | the act of eating on a plant |
| mutualism | a relationship between two organisms from different species in which both organism beneficial |
| commensalism | a relationship between two organism from different species in which one benefits and the other is unaffected |
| primary producer | an organism that can capture energy from the sun or from the chemicals and store it also called autotroph |
| photosynthesis | the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars releasing oxygen |
| chemosynthesis | the process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars |
| consumer | an organism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients also called heterotroph |
| cellular | the analysis of cells in order to identify abnormalities and interpret what this means for patients |
| respiration | the process of plants using up the sugars made through photosynthesis and turning them into energy for growth, reproduction, and other life processes |
| herbivore | an organism that eats plants |
| carnivore | an animal that kills and eats other animals |
| omnivore | an animal that eats plants and animals |
| detritivore | an organism that scavenges the waste products or dead bodies of other community members |
| decomposer | an organism that breaks down nonliving matter into simple parts that can then be taken up and reused by primary resources |
| trophic level | the rank in feeding hierarchy |
| biomass | the total amount of living tissue in a tropic level |
| food chain | a linear series of a feeding relationship |
| food web | a diagram of feeding relationships and energy flow showing the paths by which nutrients and energy pass from organism to organism as one consumers another |
| keystone species | a species that has a strong or wide range impact on a community |
| succession | a somewhat predictable series of changes over time |
| primary succession | the somewhat predictable series of changes in a community that follows a disturbance so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains |
| pioneer species | one of the first species to colonize newly exposed land |
| secondary succession | the somewhat predictable series of changes in a community that follows a disturbance that dramatically alters the community but dies not destroy all vegetation of soil life |
| invasive species | a nonnative species that spreads wildly in a community |
Created by:
Serinabtt