Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 5
Evolution and Community Ecology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | A general term that means change over time |
| Gene | A sequence of DNA that codes for a paticular trait |
| Mutations | Changes in DNA |
| Genetic drift | Biological evolution that occurs by chance |
| Natural selection | The process by which traits that improve an organisms chances for survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than those that do not |
| Fitness | How reproductively successful an organism is in its environment |
| Adaptation | A heritable trait that increases an individual's fitness |
| Artificial Selection | This process of selection conducted under human direction |
| Speciation | The process by which new species are generated |
| Extinction | The disappearance of a species from Earth |
| Niche | Describes its use of resources and its functional role in a community |
| Tolerance | The ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions |
| Resource Partitioning | A process that allows different species to share common resources |
| Predation | The process by which an individual of one species, a predator, hunts , captures, kills, , and consumes an individual of another species, the prey |
| Coevolution | The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| Parasitism | A relationship in which one organism, the parasite, depends on another, the host , for nourishment or some other type of benefit |
| Symbiosis | A long-term and physically close relationship between two organisms from different species in which at least one organism benefits; commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism are all symbiotic relationships |
| Herbivory | The interaction in which an animal feeds on a plant |
| Mutualism | A relationship in which two or more species benefit |
| Commensalism | A relationship in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected |
| Primary producers | An organism that can capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it; also called autograph |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen along the way |
| Chemosynthesis | The process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide water into sugars |
| Consumers | Organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients |
| Cellular respiration | The process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars such as glucose, releasing carbon dioxide and water as a by product |
| Herbivores | Most primary consumers , such as deer and grasshoppers, eat plants |
| Carnivores | Most secondary and tertiary consumers kill and eat other animals |
| Omnivores | Animals that eat both plant and animal food |
| Detritivores | An organisms that scavenges the waste products or dead bodies of other community members |
| Decomposers | An organism that breaks down non-living matter into simple parts that can then be taken up and reused by primary producers |
| Trophic level | A rank in a feeding hierarchy |
| Biomass | The total amount of living tissue it contains |
| Food chain | A linear series of feeding relationships |
| Food web | A visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow, showing the many paths by which energy and nutrients pass among organisms as they consume one another |
| Keystone species | A species that has a strong or wide-reaching impact on a community |
| Succession | A community experiences a somewhat predictable series of changes over time |
| Primary succession | The somewhat predictable series of changes in a community that follows a disturbance so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains |
| Pioneer species | Species that colonize the newly exposed land first |
| Secondary succession | The somewhat predictable series of changes in a community that follows a disturbance that dramatically alters the community but does not destroy all vegetation or soil life |
| Invasive species | A nonnative organism that spreads widely in a community |
Created by:
josh937