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Science midterm
midterm study grade 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heat | The transfer of thermal energy between substances |
| temperature | the average kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance |
| Matter | makes up every thing that has mass and takes up space |
| what is matter made of? | atoms |
| what is the law of conservation of matter? | ”matter cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change from one form to another” |
| four states of matter | solid, liquid, gas , plasma |
| liquid to gas | Evaporation |
| Solid to gas | sublimation |
| gas to solid | deposition |
| #1 PMOM | All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms |
| #2 PMOM | The particles are always moving |
| #3 PMOM | particles have space between them |
| #4 PMOM | Adding thermal energy to matter makes particles move more quick |
| particles in a solid | held together by strong forces of attraction, vibrating in a fixed position |
| particles in a liquid | Particles flow, energy is high, held by weak forces of attraction, are in contact in an irregular arrangement |
| particles in a gas | Move freely in all directions, energy is very high, held together by very weak forces of attraction, lots of space between particles |
| Adding or removing enough energy will cause what | a state change |
| As energy is removed what do particles do | the space between particles contracts bringing particles closer together |
| What causes density to go up | a removal of thermal energy, or a state change |
| the higher the ______ the more things it will sink in | density |
| explain evaporative cooling | As a liquid like sweat gets released onto the hot skin, it will take some of the thermal energy and when it evaporates it will take the thermal energy with it |
| Why are steam engines important | As water is heated , it turns to steam which moves things powering the engine and turning raw heat into mechanical work. |
| what were coal stoves used for | heating a home and as a cooking stove |
| what is the need that drove the creation of new heat technologies? | Wanting to keep from freezing or to eat safe food. |
| How does a hair drier work? | it increases temperature around each individual strand of hair and as the temperature increases that makes it more likely for the water droplets to heat and become Vapor. |
| Law of conservation of energy | energy is not created or destroyed it is simply transferred |
| ________ is the energy of particles moving, | thermal energy AKA total kinetic energy |
| ______ is the transfer of thermal energy | heat |
| When two things touch heat will flow from the hotter thing to the cooler thing this is called _______ | equilibrium/ trying to get to the same temperature |
| where does conduction happen | mostly in solids |
| where does convection happen? | in fluids AKA liquids and gasses |
| where does radiation occur | anywhere, no particles needed |
| How is conduction heat transferred | through direct contact |
| how is convection heat transferred | Through a mass motion of molecules |
| which heat transfer are insulators most relevant | conduction and convection |
| How well a material conducts heat | thermal conductivity , eg styrofoam 0.010 |
| how does convection work | As particles with more energy rise, they begin to cool and fall again , then be heated and create a convection current |
| How is radiant heat transferred | It is transferred through light and wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum |
| What does colour have to do with radiant heat? | because colours are really just different light wavelengths going to our eyes, the radiant heat works better in some wavelengths than others, so darker colours like black will absorb heat while lighter colours like white will reflect heat. |
| What is energy | the ability to do work |
| how is energy measured | in joules |
| What is thermal energy | the collective random motion of particles |
| What is kinetic energy | The energy of particles motion |
| What is temperature | The average kinetics energy between particles in a substance |
| Wich will have a higher temperature, a hot mug of tea or a bath tub | hot mug of tea |
| which will have higher thermal energy, mug of tea or a full bathtub | full bathtub |
| How can matter exist | in the different states of matter |
| What does the PMOM do ? | it helps explain what happens to the atoms in a substance in the different phases of matter |
| What does an insulator do? | It slows the transfer of heat through it eg fiberglass |
| What is a convection current | when the fluid rises then falls in the same repeated place making a circuit |
| What does the electromagnetic spectrum consist of | All forms of radiation energy , from low energy ( radio waves ) to high energy( gamma rays ) |
| what is infrared light | Heat energy |
| What is the law of conservation of matter? | That matter can not be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another |
| Thermal expansion | When heated an objects volume increases because the space between particles expands |
| Thermal contraction | when an object is cooled the volume decreases because the space between particles contracts |
Created by:
Timeetoolearn