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Medical Terminology
Comprehensive
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| angi/o | blood vessel |
| arthr/o | joint |
| cardi/o | heart |
| derm/o, dermat/o | skin |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gen/o | generation, cause |
| hem/o, hemat/o | blood |
| hepat/o | liver |
| hydr/o | water |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| morph/o | change |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| my/o | muscle |
| myc/o | fungus |
| necr/o | death |
| neur/o | nerve |
| orth/o | straight |
| path/o | suffering, disease |
| phag/o | eat |
| plas/o | formation |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o | lung |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| py/o | pus |
| scler/o | hard |
| sten/o | narrowing |
| troph/o | nuourishment, development |
| vas/o, vascul/o | blood vessel |
| xen/o | foreign |
| ankyl/o | stiff, bent |
| arthr/o | joint |
| brachi/o | arm |
| burs/o | bursa (a small fluid-filled sac found near the body's joint) |
| carp/o | wrist |
| cervic/o | neck |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | head, skull |
| dactyl/o | finger |
| fasci/o | facia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together) |
| femor/o | femur (thigh bone) |
| kinesi/o | movement, motion |
| lumb/o | loin, lower back |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| my/o, myos/o | muscle |
| oste/o | bone |
| -physis | growth |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| tars/o | ankle |
| tax/o | arrangement, order, coordination |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon |
| tibi/o | tibia (shinbone) |
| ton/o | tone, tension |
| cephal/o | head |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| cerebr/o | brain |
| crani/o | head, skull |
| dur/o | tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| encephal/o | brain |
| esthesi/o | feeling, sensation |
| gangli/o | nerve bundle |
| gnosi/o | know |
| hypn/o | sleep |
| lob/o | lobe |
| mening/o, meningi/o | meninges; membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrrow |
| neur/o | nerve |
| phas/o | speech |
| phren/o | mind |
| psych/o | mind |
| somn/o, somn/i | sleep |
| tax/o | arrangement, order, coordination |
| ton/o | muscle tone, tension |
| -mania | excessive desire |
| -paresis | slight or partial paralysis |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -phobia | excessive fear |
| syncope | fainting; temporary loss of consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to the brain |
| synesthesia | condition where one sensation is experienced as another |
| thrombolytic | a drug that dissolves clots |
| tonic | pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive) |
| tonic-clonic seizure | a seizure characterized by both a tonic and clonic phase |
| topical anesthesia | local anesthesia applied to surface of anesthetized area |
| transcranial Doppler sonography | brain imaging technique using sound waves sent through skull |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack mini stroke caused by blockage of blood vessel resolves <24hrs |
| paralysis | complete loss of sensation and motor function |
| paresis | partial paralysis characterized by varing degrees of sensation and motor function |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation (usually numbness or tingling in the skin) |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
| PET scan | positron emission tomography scan - |
| prosopagnosia | inability to recognize faces |
| psuedoesthesia | false sensation |
| psychiatrist | doctor who specializes in treatment of the mind |
| psychiatry | branch of medicine that focuses on treatment of the mind |
| psychogenic | originating in/created by the mind |
| psychologist | doctor who specializes in the study of the mind |
| psychology | branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind |
| psychopathy | a mental illness |
| psychopharmacology | the study of the effects of drugs on mental processes |
| psychosis | a mind condition (involves some sort of break with reality interfering with rational thought or daily functioning) |
| psychosomatic | pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind |
| psychotropic | drugs that are able to turn the mind |
| regional anesthesia | anesthetic that is injected into a nerve, causing loss of sensation over a particular area |
| schizophrenia | a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech |
| stroke | loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain |
| -ac ak | pertaining to eg. cardiac |
| -al al | pertaining to eg. skeletal |
| -ar ar | pertaining to eg. muscular |
| -ary ar-ee | pertaining to eg. pulmnary |
| -eal ee-al | pertaining to eg. esophageal |
| -ic ik | pertaining to eg. medic |
| -tic tik | pertaining to eg. neurotic |
| -ous us | pertaining to eg. subcutaneous |
| AC | before meals |
| BID | twice per day |
| PC | after meals |
| PRN | as needed |
| Q4H | every four hours |
| QH | every hour |
| QID | four times per day |
| STAT | immediately |
| TID | three times per day |
| QD | every day; daily |
| OR | operating room |
| PACU | post anesthesia care unit |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| CCU | cardiac care unit |
| SICU | surgical intensive care unit |
| PICU | pediatric intensive care unit |
| NICU | neonatal intensive care unit |
| ER | emergency room |
| ED | emergency department |
| ECU | emergency care unit |
| L&D | labor and delivery |
| benign | not cancerous |
| malignant | cancerous |
| degenerating | getting worse |
| etiology | the cause |
| idiopathic | no known cause |
| remission | No longer having the symptoms of a disease; usually used when referring to cancer |
| kerato- | hardness, horniness |
| xero- | dryness |
| crypto- | hidden |
| leuko- | whiteness |
| erythro- | redness |
| xantho- | yellowness |
| melano- | blackness |
| impetigo (im-peh-TAI-goh) | a highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin |
| onychophagia (awn-ih-koh-FAY-jah) | eating (biting) the nail |
| -plasty | reconstruction |
| Lou Gehrig’s disease | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (a-MAI-aw-TROH-fik LAT-er-al skleh-ROH-sis) a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control; also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (a-MAI-aw-TROH-fik LAT-er-al skleh-ROH-sis) a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control; also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease |
| Braxton Hicks contraction | Braxton Hicks contraction (BRAKS-ton HIKS kon-TRAK-shun) sporadic contractions of the uterine muscles of women in labor; also known as false labor |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (KAR-dee-oh-PUL-moh-ner-ee ree-SUS-ih-TAY-shun) a method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (SER-eh-broh-VAS-kyoo-lar AK-sih-dent) an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (KRON-ik ob-STRUK-tiv pul-moh-neh-ree diz-EEZ) a lung disease caused by the continual blockage of lung passages |
| CAT/CT | computed axial tomography (CAT or CT) (kom-PYOO-ted AK-see-al toh-MAWG-rah-fee) imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis |
| CT | computed tomography (kom-PYOO-ted toh-MAWG-rah-fee) an imaging procedure using a computer to “cut” or view “slices” of a patient’s organs |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (KOR-oh-NAR-ee AR-ter-ee BAI-pas GRAFT) borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart |
| EEG | electroencephalography (EEG) (eh-LEK-troh-en-SEF-ah-LAWG-rah-fee) procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (GAS-troh-eh-SOF-ah-JEE-al REE-fluks dih-ZEEZ) disease in which acid comes up from the stomach and damages the esophagus |
| I&D | incision and drainage (I&D) (in-SIZH-un and DRAYN-ij) to cut into a wound to allow trapped infected liquid to drain |
| LP | lumbar puncture (LP) (LUM-bar PUNK-chir) inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) (mag-NET-ik REZ-oh-nants AN-jee-AWG-rah-fee) procedure used to examine blood vessels |
| PAP smear | Pap (Papanicolaou) smear (PAP SMEER) test used to detect cancer cells, most commonly in the cervix |
| PET scan | positron emission tomography (PET scan) (PAWZ-ih-trawn ee-MISH-un toh-MAWG-rah-fee) an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross-sections of the brain |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack (TIA) (TRAN-zee-ent ih-SKEE-mik ah-TAK) a mini-stroke caused by the blockage of a blood vessel that resolves (goes away) within 24 hours |
| UTI | urinary tract infection (UTI) (YOO-rih-NAR-ee TRAKT in-FEK-shun) infection of the urinary tract |
| kyphosis (kai-FOH-sis) | humped back—abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine |
| ischemic stroke (is-KEE-mik STROHK) | a stroke where blood loss is caused by a blockage |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (a-MAI-aw-TROH-fik LAT-er-al skleh-ROH-sis) | a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control; also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease |
| atherogenesis (ATH-eh-roh-JEN-eh-sis) | formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery |
| atherosclerosis (ATH-eh-roh-JEN-skleh-ROH-sis) | hardening of an artery due to build-up of fatty plaque |
| auscultation (AWS-kul-TAY-shun) | from the Latin word ausculto, meaning “to listen”; a doctor using a stethoscope is performing an auscultation |
| autism (AW-tizm) | a psychiatric disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and/or restrictive patterns of behavior or interests |
| efferent nerve (EF-eh-rent NIRV) | a nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system |
| genu valgum (JEH-nyoo VAL-gum) | knock-kneed |
| genu varum (JEH-nyoo VAH-rum) | bow-legged |
| lordosis (lor-DOH-sis) | swayback—abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine |
| macule (MA-kyool)e) | from Latin, for “spot” or “stain”; small, flat, discolored area (freckle) |
| manic depression (bipolar disorder) (MAN-ik de-PRESH-un) | a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression |
| myoclonus (MAI-AWK-loh-nus) | violent muscle contraction |
| nodule (NOJ-yool) | a solid mass that extends deeper into the skin |
| nystagmus (nis-TAG-mus) | involuntary back-and-forth movement of the eyes (from Greek, for “to nod”) |
| papule (PAP-yool) | from Latin, for “pimple”; a small, solid mass |
| prosopagnosia (PRAWS-oh-pag-NOH-see-ah) | inability to recognize faces |
| rheumatoid arthritis (ROO-mah-TOYD ar-THRAI-tis) | inflammation of the joint; called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever |
| sonography (saw-NAWG-rah-fee) | use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called an ultrasound |
| telangiectasia (TEL-AN-jee-ek-TAY-zhuh) | the overexpansion of the blood vessel, sometimes called a spider angioma because of how it looks on the skin |
| vesicle (VES-i-kul) | from Latin, for “little bladder” a small blister |
| a- | not |
| ab- | away |
| an- | not |
| anti- | against |
| bi- | two |
| brady- | slow |
| circum- | around |
| con- | with, together |
| contra- | against |
| de- | down, away from |
| dia- | through |
| dys- | bad |
| e- | out |
| ec- | out |
| en- | in, inside |
| endo- | in, inside |
| epi- | upon |
| eu- | good |
| ex- | out |
| exo- | outside |
| extra- | outside |
| hemi- | half |
| hyper- | over |
| hypo- | under |
| inter- | between |
| intra- | in, inside |
| macro- | large |
| micro- | small |
| mono- | one |
| multi- | many |
| oglio- | few |
| pan- | all |
| peri- | around |
| poly- | many |
| post- | after |
| pre- | before |
| pro- | before, on behalf of |
| re- | again |
| semi- | half |
| sub- | beneath |
| sym- | with, together |
| syn- | with, together |
| tachy- | fast |
| trans- | through |
| uni- | one |
| -algia | pain |
| -cele | hernia |
| -desis | binding |
| -dynia | pain |
| -ectomy | removal |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -gram | written record |
| -graph | instrument used to produce a record |
| -graphy | writing procedure |
| -ia | condition |
| -iasis | presence of |
| -iatrics | medical science |
| -iatrist | specialist in medicine of |
| -iatry | medical science |
| -icle | small |
| -ism | condition |
| -ist | specialist |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -ium | tissue, structure |
| -logist | specialist in the study of |
| -logy | study of |
| -lysis | loosen, break down |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -meter | instrument used to measure |
| -metry | process of measuring |
| -oid | resembling |
| -ole | small |
| -oma | tumor |
| -osis | condition |
| -pathy | disease |
| -penia | deficiency |
| -pexy | surgical fixation |
| -plasty | reconstruction |
| -ptosis | drooping |
| -rrhage, -rrhagia | excessive flow |
| -rrhaphy | suture |
| -rrhea | flow |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -scope | instrument used to look |
| -scopy | process of looking |
| -spasm | involuntary contraction |
| -stomy | creation of an opening |
| -tomy | incision |
| -ula | small |
| -y | condition, process |
| blephar/o | eyelids |
| ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o | eye |
| acous/o | sound |
| -acusis | hearing condition |
| audi/o | sound |
| aur/o, ot/o | ear |
| cerumin/o | ear wax |
| cochle/o | cochlea |
| conjuctiv/o | conjuctiva |
| corne/o, kerat/o | cornea |
| cycl/o | ciliary body |
| dacry/o, lacrim/o | tear |
| ir/o, irid/o | iris |
| labyrinth/o | labyrinth |
| mastoid/o | mastoid process |
| myring/o, tympan/o | eardrum |
| -opia, -opsia | vision condition |
| phac/o, phak/o | lens |
| retin/o | retina |
| salping/o | eustachian tube |
| vestibul/o | vestibule |
| ophthalmologist | medical specialist (physician) of the eye |
| optometrist | specialist of the eye |
| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea |
| vitre/o | means vitreous humor |
| outer ear | includes the pinna and the ear canal |
| akinetopsia | inability to see objects in motion |
| ambiopia, diplopia – double vision | double vision |
| astigmatism | vision problem caused by fact that light rays are not focused on a single point in the back of the eye |
| presbycusis | hearing loss in old age |
| vertigo | sensation of moving through space (while stationary) |
| examination of the eye | includes the three layers (conjunctiva, cornea, and sclera), choroid, and retina |
| ectropion | outward turning of the eyelid, away from the eye |
| entropion | inward turning of the eyelid, toward the eye |
| pterygium | winglike growth of conjunctival tissue extending to the cornea |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| hyperopia | farsightedness |
| mydriasis | pupils are large |
| miosis | pupils are small |
| ARMD | age-related macular degeneration |
| HEENT | head, eyes ,ears, nose and throat |
| IOL | intraocular lens |
| IOP | intraocular pressure |
| LASIK | laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis |
| OD | right eye (Latin - oculus dexter) |
| OS | left eye (Latin - oculus sinister) |
| PERRLA | pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation |
| VA | visual acuity |
| VF | visual field |
| AD | right ear (Latin - auris dextra) |
| AS | left ear (Latin - auris sinistra) |
| AU | both ears (Latin - auris utraque) |
| AOM | acute otitis media |
| OM | otitis media |
| amblyopia | dull vision |
| cardiomyopathy (KAR-dee-oh-mai-AWP-ah-thee) | disease of the heart muscle |
| lymphadenectomy (lim-FAD-en-EK-toh-mee) | surgical removal of a lymph gland (node) |
| endocrinologist (EN-doh-krih-NAWL-oh-jist) | specialist in internal secretions |
| apnea (AP-nee-yah) | cessation of breathing |
| esophagogastroplasty (eh-SAWF-ah-goh-GAS-troh-PLAS-tee) | surgical reconstruction of the esophagus and stomach |
| apnea (AP-nee-yah) cessation of breathing esophagogastroplasty (eh-SAWF-ah-goh-GAS-troh-PLAS-tee) surgical reconstruction of the esophagus and stomach prostatomegaly (pros-ta-toh-MEG-ah-lee) | abnormal enlargement of the prostate |
| postnatal (post-NAYT-al) | pertaining to after birth (infant) |
| postpartum (post-PART-tum) | pertaining to after birth (mother) |
| preeclampsia (PREE-eh-KLAMP-see-ah) | condition characterized by high blood pressure and high levels of protein in the urine |
| oophorectomy (OH-aw-foh-REK-toh-mee) | surgical removal of an ovary |
| oxytocin (OK-see-TOHS-in) | agent that stimulates uterine contractions and accelerates labor |
| amni/o | amnion |
| cervic/o | cervix |
| chori/o, chorion/o | chorion |
| colp/o, vagin/o | vagina |
| -cyesis` | pregnancy |
| fet/o | fetus |
| gyn/o, gynec/o | woman |
| lact/o | milk |
| mamm/o, mast/o | breast |
| metr/o, uter/o | uterus |
| episi/o, vulv/o | vulva |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| epididym/o | epididymus |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| lith/o | stone |
| meat/o | opening |
| nephr/o, ren/o | kidney |
| prostat/o | prostate |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| sperm/o, spemat/o | sperm |
| balan/o | penis |
| ur/o, urin/o | urine |
| angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o | vessel |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arteri/o | artery |
| atri/o | atrium |
| card/o, coron/o | heart |
| pleb/o, ven/o | vein |
| sept/o | septum |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| valvul/o | valve |
| ather/o | fatty plaque |
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