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anatomy chp 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetylcholin | a neurotransmitter chemical that stimulates muscles |
| action potential | the electric charge produced in nerve muscle fiber by stimulation |
| all or none law | the rule stating that the fibers in a given motor unit always develop maximum tension when stimulated |
| axon | a long thin fiber connected to the motor neuron cell body |
| axon terminals | offshoots of the axon that branch out to connect with individual muscle fibers |
| cross bridges | connections between the heads of myosin filaments and receptor sites on the actin filaments |
| fast-twitch | type of muscle that contracts quickly |
| motor neuron | a nerve that stimulates skeletal muscle tissue |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it stimulates |
| neuromuscular junction | the link between an axon terminal and a muscle fiber |
| parallel | a type of muscle fiber arrangement in which fibers run largely parallel to each other along the length of the muscle |
| pennate | a type of muscle fiber attaches obliquely to central tension |
| sarcomeres | units composed of actin and myosin that contracts inside the muscle fiber |
| slow-twitch | type of muscle that contracts slowly and is fatigue resistant |
| synaptic cleft | the tiny gap that separates the axon terminal and muscle fiber |
| tetanus | a sustained maximal level of muscle tension that occurs with high frequency stimulation |
| abduction | movement of a body segment away from the body in the frontal plane |
| adduction | movement of a body segment closer to the body in the frontal plane |
| circumduction | rotational movement of a body segment such that the end of the segment traces a circle |
| dorsiflexion | movement of the top of the foot toward the lower leg |
| eversion | movement in which the sole of the foot is rolled outward |
| extension | movement that returns a body segment to anatomical position in the sagittal plane |
| flexion | forward movement of a body segment away from anatomical position in the sagittal plane |
| hyperextension | backward movement of a body segment past anatomical position in the sagittal plane |
| insertion | muscle attachment to a bone that tends to move when the muscle contracts |
| inversion | movement in which the sole of the foot is rolled inward |
| lateral rotation | outward movement of a body segment in the transverse plane |
| medial rotation | inward movement of a body segment in the transverse plane |
| opposition | touching any 4 fingers to your thumb; this movement enables grasping of objects |
| origin | muscle attachment to a relatively fixed structure |
| plantar flexion | downward motion of the foot away from the lower leg |
| pronation | medial rotation of the forearm |
| radial deviation | rotation of the hand toward the thumb |
| supination | lateral rotation of the forearm |
| ulnar deviation | rotation of the hand toward the little finger |
| contusion | the bruises or bleeding within a muscle that results from an impact |
| muscle cramps | moderat to severe muscle spasms that cause pain |
| muscle strain | an injury that occurs when a muscle is stretched beyond the limits to which it is accustomed |
| muscular dystrophy | a group of similar inherited disorders characterized by progressively worsening muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue |
| myositis ossificans | a condition in which a calcium mass forms within a muscle 3 to 4 weeks after a muscle injury |
| shin splint | the name for pain localized to the anterior lower leg |
| tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon usually accompanied by pain and swelling |
| tendinosis | degeneration to be caused by microtears in the tendon connective tissue |
| delayed onset muscle | muscle pain that follows participation in a particularly long or strenuous activity begins 24-73 hours later, and involves multiple microscopic tears in there muscle tissue that causes inflammation pain swelling and stiffness |
| hernia | a balloon Ike section of the lining of the abdominal cavity that protrudes through a hole or weakened section of the muscle in the abdomen |
Created by:
user-1979409