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Psych Unit:2 Pt:3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Intelligence | the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new solutions |
| Charles Spearman | believed we have one general intelligence; used factor analysis to cluster test items by task to see if scores from one subtask were comparable to others. |
| L.L Thurstone | an early critic of general intelligence and identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities |
| Fluid Intelligence (GF) | our ability to reason speedily |
| Crystalized Intelligence (CF) | our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age |
| Cattell-Horn-Caroll Theory (CHC) | the theory that our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by GF and GC |
| Howard Gardener | argues that intelligence should be measured in plurality rather than singularity. His multiple intelligence theory proposed eight relatively independent intelligences |
| Savant Syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as drawing |
| Grit | in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals |
| Robert Sternburg | Offers another theory on multiple intelligences. Triarchic theory comprising three intelligences; 1. Analytic intelligence (solving problems) 2. Creative intelligence 3. Practical intelligence |
| Emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotions |
| Social intelligence | the ability to understand social situations and manage yourself successfully |
| Achievement test | a test designed to assess what a person has learned |
| Aptitude test | a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn |
| Intelligence test | a method for assessing an individual mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical sources |
| Stanford- Binet | widely used American revision of Binet's original IQ test |
| Intelligence quotient (IQ) | defined originally as the ration of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100. On contemporary tests, the average performance for a. given age is assigned a score of 100 |
| Lewis Terman | resined Binet's original test and its original purpose |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Sale (WAIS) | the WAIS and it companion version for children are most widely used intelligence test; they contain verbal and nonverbal subtests |
| Psychometrics | the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities attitude's, and traits |
| Reliability | the extent to which a test yield consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting |
| Validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what its supposed to see |
| Content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest |
| Predictive validity | the success with which a test predicts the behavior is it designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior |
| Standardization | defining uniform testing producers and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group |
| Normal Curve | bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extreme |
| Flynn Effect | the rise in intelligent test performance over time and across cultures |
| Cross- sectional study | research that compares people of difference ages at the same point in time |
| Longitudinal study | research that follows and retests the same people over time |
| Cohort | a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as being from a given time period |
| Growth- mindset | a focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed |
| Fixed mindset | the view that intelligences, abilities, and talents are unchangeable, even with effort |
| Stereotype threat | a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotype |
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