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Chapter 3 Senses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sensation | conevrsion of energy from enviroment into pattern of responses by nervous system |
| What is a physical stimuli to a neural impulse called********* | Transduction |
| Making sense of the information (Sensation) | Perception |
| ability of the eye to take light energy and "transfer" it into chemical/electrical signals************* | Transducer/Transduction |
| This covets something you witness into a signal by your nervous system X and the nevrous system Y the information to create a Z************ | X= Sensation Y= Tranduces Z= Perception |
| Study of how physical stimuli is converted into sensory expiercences | Psychophysics |
| Minimum amount of stimulation that an organism can detect 50% of the time************** | Absolute/Neural Threshold |
| What is Absolute/Neural Threshold ********** | 50% |
| Noticable change in something/ be able to reconize a change | Just Noticable Difference/ Difference Thresholds |
| Gradual decline in sensitivity/ You get used to it | Sensory Adaptation |
| Ignoring stimuli you don't need*********** | Habituation |
| Stimuli present below one's absolute threshold | subliminal perception |
| only time subliminal messages have worked..... | Lab Setting |
| James Vicary subliminal perception message | "Eat Popcorn Drink Coke" |
| Structure of eye that serves as protection behind tough, round, transparent shell of eye | Cornea |
| Transparent eye structure that focuses light rays falling on retina(Focuses visual image) | Lens |
| Opening in center of eye that helps regulate amount of light passing into rear chamber of the eye************* | Pupil |
| Why are cheap sunglasses bad? | Damage eyes causing pupil to open and allow harmful rays to enter eye |
| Ring of muscle whose pigmintation gives eye its characteristic color and regulates the size of the pupil | Iris |
| Small muscles attached to lens that controls shape, focusing, capability called accommodation | Ciliary Muscles |
| What is Accommodation | Change in lens of eye to bring sharp focus on certain object |
| What allows accomadation to be more difficult as lens become more rigid and cilary muscles become weak | Age |
| Fluid that nourishes cornea and front of eye | Aqueous Humor |
| Fluid that keeps eyeball rounded by filling space behind lens | Vitreous Humor |
| Neural tissue lining back of eye | Retina |
| Where does the neural process (Transduction) of vision begin | Retina |
| Cells that are light-sensitive (Rods & Cones) | Photoreceptors |
| Photorecptors that specialize in Night Vision ad Peripheral vision | Rods |
| Photoreceptors that specialize in Daytime Vision and Color Vision (Detailed Info) | Cones |
| Collection of axons from retina that connect eye with brain | Optic Nerve |
| Tiny spot in center of retina that conatins ONLY cones | Fovea |
| Area at which optic nerve exits the retina where no rods and cones exist************** | Blind Spot |
| Whites of eyes | Sclera |
| Juction in brain where optic nerves converge so that signals from each half of visual field are carried to opposite sides of visual cortex | Optic Chiasm |
| Theory of colorvision by Young-Helmholtz that believes the eye has 3 types of receptors (Red, Grreen, Blue) with differing sensitivities to different wavelengths. Each reseptor responds to 1 of 3 primary colors | Trichromatic |
| Theory of colorvision where color is precived in 3 channels (Blue-Yellow), (Red-Green), (Black-White) and each is able to respond to either of 2 colors but not both | Opponet-Process |
| In an afterimage, Rods and Cones remain activated for..... | 1 or 2 seconds |
| Color blindness % in males and females | 8/5% in males 0.5% in females |
| This part of ear collects sound | Pinna or Auricle |
| This part of ear vibrates as soundwaves push against it | Eardrum |
| Middle ear consists of the bones malleus, incus, and stapes that are together called.... | Ossicles |
| These bones are levers from eardrum to oval window that make up middle ear | Ossicles |
| Mini Ear drum that is last part of middle ear | Oval Window |
| Smallest bone in body | Stapes |
| Similar to retina in ear where transduction occurs/ Fluid filled coiled tunnle | Cochlea |
| When fluid inside Cochlea moves this vibrates | Basilar Membrane |
| These cells that are part of Basilar Membrane convert physical stimulation into neural signals (like rods & cones in the eye) | Hair Cells |
| Vibrating of hair cells causes neural impulse which travels down auditory nerve to Temporal lobe (T/F) | True |
| This theory on how we hear by Heman Von Helmholtz suggets that the place where the basilar membrane is stimulated detreminespitch of sound (like keyboard)************** | Place Theory |
| This theory on how we hear suggets whole basilar membrane vibrates which triggers neural impulses to brain (Faster the vibration--> Higher the Pitch) | Frequency Theory |
| This hearing loss is where physical structures such as ossicles are damaged and hearing aids can help | Conduction Hearing loss |
| This hearing loss involves damage to hair cells and cochlear implants are needed | Sensorinural Hearing Loss |
| 10,000 taste buds (T/F) but decrease with age | True |
| Techical name for taste | Gustation |
| These fire neural impulses when they absorb chemicals dissolved in siliva | Taste Buds |
| This interaction is when taste and smell work together | Sensory Interaction |
| Technical name for Smell************** | Olfactory |
| Motion sickness is caused by.....***************** | overstimulation of fluid in cholchea in ear |
| Why does smell often envoke memories | Both smell and taste travel in same area in brain close to memory center |
| What 2 senses are the chemical senses ************** | Gustation/ Olfactory |
| what lobe of brain is olfactory processed************* | Temporal Lobe |
Created by:
27braun