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chapter 5 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| agonist | role played by a skeletal muscle to cause a movement |
| anatagonist | role played by a skeletal muscle acting slow or stop a movement |
| aponeurosis | a flat, sheetlike fibrous tissue that connects muscle or bone to other tissues |
| concentric | a type of contraction that results in shortening of a muscle |
| contractibility | the ability to contract or shorten |
| eccentric | contraction accompanied by lengthening of a muscle |
| endomysium | a fine, protective sheath of connective tissue around a skeletal muscle fiber |
| epimysium | the outermost sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle |
| extensibility | the ability to respond |
| fascicle | a bundle of muscle fibers |
| irritability | the ability to respond to a stimulus |
| isometric | a type of contraction that involves no change in muscle length |
| muscle fiber | an individual skeletal muscle cell |
| perimysium | a connective tissue sheath that envelops each primary bundle of muscle fibers |
| peristalsis | a wave of symmetrical squeezing of the digestive tract walls that occurs during digestion |
| sarcolemma | the delicate membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber |
| acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter chemical that stimulated muscle |
| action potential | the electric charge produced in nerve or muscle fiber by stimulation |
| all-or-none law | the rule stating that the fibers in a given motor unit always develop maximum tension when stimulated |
| axon | a long, thin fiber connected to the motor neuron cell body |
| axon terminals | offshoots of the axon that branch out to connect with the motor neuron cell body |
| cross bridges | connections between the heads of myosin filaments and receptor sites on the acting filaments |
| fast-twitch | type of muscle that contracts quickly |
| motor neuron | a nerve that stimulates skeletal muscle tissue |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it stimulates |
| neuromuscular junction | the link between an axon terminal and a muscle fiber |
| parallel | a type of muscle fiber arrangement in which fibers run largely parallel to each other along the length of the muscle |
| pennate | a type of muscle fiber arrangement in which each fiber attaches obliquely to a central tendon |
| sarcomeres | units composed of acting and myosin that contracts inside the muscle fiber |
| slow-twitch | type of muscle that contracts slowly and its fatigue resistant |
| synaptic cleft | the tiny gap that separates the axon terminal and muscle fiber |
| tetanus | a sustained, maximal level of muscle tension that occurs with high frequency stimulation |
| abduction | movement of a body segment away from the body in the frontal plane |
| adduction | movement of a body segment closer to the body in the frontal plane |
| circumduction | rotational movement of a body segment such that the end of the segment traces a circle |
| dorsiflexion | movement of the top of the foot toward the lower leg |
| eversion | movement in which the sole of the foot is rolled outward |
| extension | movement that returns a body segment to anatomical position in the sagittal plane |
| flexion | forward movement of a body segment away from anatomical position in the sagittal plane |
| hyperextension | backward movement of a body segment past anatomical position in the sagittal plane |
| insertion | muscle attachment to a bone that tends to move when the muscle contracts |
| inversion | movement in which the sole of the foot is rolled inward |
| lateral rotation | outward (lateral) movement of a body segment in the transverse plane |
| medial rotation | inward (medial) movement of a body segment in the transverse plane |
| opposition | touching any of your four fingers to your thumb; this movement enables grasping of objects |
| origin | muscle attachment to a relatively fixed structure |
| plantar flexion | downward motion of the foot away from the lower leg |
| pronation | medial rotation of the forearm (palm down) |
| radial devation | rotation of the hand toward the thumb |
| supination | lateral rotation of the forearm |
| ulnar deviation | rotation of the hand toward the little finger |
| contusion | the bruises or bleeding within a muscle that result from an impact |
| delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) | muscle pain that follows participation in a particularly long or strenuous activity begins 24-73 hrs later, & involves microscopic tears in the muscle tissue causing inflammation, pain, swelling, and stiffness |
| hernia | a balloon like section of the lining of the abdominal cavity that protrudes through a hole or weakened section of the muscles in the abdomen |
| muscles cramps | moderate to severe muscle spasms that cause pain |
| muscle strain | an injury that occurs when a muscle is stretched beyond the limits to which it is accustomed |
| muscle dystrophy (MD) | a group of similar, inherited disorders characterized by progressively worsening muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue |
| myositis ossificans | a condition in which a calcium mass forms within a muscle three to four weeks after a muscle injury |
| shin splint | the name for pain localized to the anterior lower leg |
| tendintis | inflammation of a tendon, usually accompanied by pain and swelling |
| tendinosis | degeneration of a tendon believed to be caused by microtears in the tendon connective tissue |
Created by:
espindan1