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APUSH U4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Revolution of 1800 | The peaceful transfer of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans when Thomas Jefferson was elected president. Two-party system (Jefferson - Democratic, Republican - John Adams) |
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Supreme Court case, William Marbury suede the court but was dismissed which established judicial review, giving courts power to declare laws unconstitutional. |
| Louisiana Purchase (1803) | U.S. purchase of land from France that doubled the nation’s size by Jefferson |
| Impressment | British practice of forcing American sailors into the British navy. |
| Embargo Act (1807) | Law that banned U.S. trade with foreign nations to avoid war, which hurt the U.S. economy. |
| War Hawks | Young politicians who pushed for war with Britain. |
| Battle of Tippecanoe | 1811 battle between U.S. troops led by William Henry Harrison against Native Americans which led to U.S. victory against Native American forces led by Tecumseh’s brother. |
| Thomas Jefferson | Third U.S. president; author of the Declaration of Independence. |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice who strengthened the power of the Supreme Court. |
| James Madison | Fourth U.S. president; Author of constitution and bill of rights |
| Tecumseh | Native American leader, Shawnee Indian, who tried to unite tribes against U.S. expansion. |
| War of 1812 | War between Britain and U.S. from impressment, trade, and territory |
| Battle of New Orleans 1815 | Major U.S. victory led by Andrew Jackson after the war officially ended. |
| Treaty of Ghent | 1814 Treaty that ended the War of 1812 with no land changes. |
| Hartford Convention | Meeting where New England Federalists criticized the war. |
| Tariff of 1816 | First protective tariff to help U.S. industries against Britain |
| American System | Henry Clay’s plan for economic growth through tariffs, banks, and internal improvements |
| Era of Good Feelings | Period of national unity after the War of 1812 |
| Missouri Compromise 1820 | Allowed Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and banned slavery in land North of 36'30 parallel |
| Monroe Doctrine | Policy warning European nations not to interfere in the Americas and vice versa |
| Corrupt Bargain | Allegation that John Quincy Adams won the 1824 election through a deal with Henry Clay. |
| Spoils System | Practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs. |
| Tariff of Abominations | High tariff that benefitted the Northern manufactures but angered and harmed the Southern states |
| Nullification crisis | South Carolinians oppose tariffs attempted to null them by deeming them unconstitutional |
| Indian removal act | Law that forced Native Americans off their land. |
| Force Bill | Law allowing the president to use military force to enforce tariffs. |
| Black Hawk war | Conflict between the U.S. and Illinois tribes led by Black Hawk over land |
| Pet banks | State banks used by Andrew Jackson instead of the national bank. |
| Panic of 1837 | Severe economic depression. |
| Alamo | Battle during the Texas Revolution where Texans were defeated by Mexico. |
| Andrew Jackson | Seventh U.S. president; strong supporter of democracy for white men. |
| John C. Calhoun | Vice president and strong supporter of states’ rights. |
| Nicholas Biddle | President of the Second Bank of the United States. |
| Henry Clay | Influential senator and creator of the American System. |
| Tammany Hall | Democratic powerful political machine in New York City, strong immigrant support |
| Know-nothing party | Nativist political party opposed to immigration. |
| Industrial Revolution | Shift from hand-made goods to machine production, agrarian societies into urban ones |
| Cotton Gin | Machine by Eli Whitney that increased cotton production and expanded slavery. |
| Cult of Domesticity | Belief that women belonged in the home. |
| McCormick Reaper | Machine by Cyprus Cormick that improved farming efficiency. |
| Erie Canal | Waterway connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. |
| Transportation Revolution | Improvements in roads, canals, and railroads. Facilitated westward expansion, railroads, canals, steamboats, and changed how people and goods move |
| Market Revolution | Shift from local, subsistence farming to a national, capitalist economy. |
| Samuel Slater | British mechanic, Introduced textile mills to the U.S. and invented spinning wheel |
| Eli Whitney | Invented interchangeable parts and the cotton gin. |
| John Deere | Invented the steel plow |
| Second Great Awakening | Religious revival that encouraged reform |
| American Temperance Society | Organization by white religious women promoting reduced alcohol use |
| Seneca Falls Convention | First women’s rights convention, Declaration of Sentiments |
| Oneida Community | Utopian society founded by John Humphrey Noyes, known for its radical Bible Communism, complex marriage, communal living |
| Shakers | Utopian group founded by Mother Ann, Lee known for their communal living, celibacy, pacifism, and gender equality and focused on communalism and social perfection |
| Transcendentalism | Belief in individualism, self- reliance, and intuition over reason by connecting with nature |
| Horace Mann | Leader of public education reform, higher pay, better school houses, and expanded curriculum |
| Dorothea Dix | A teacher and author, reformer for mental health treatment |
| Lucretia Mott | Abolitionist and women’s rights activist, co-organized Seneca falls convention and championed racial & social equality |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Leader of the women’s rights movement |
| Susan B Anthony | Major advocate for women’s suffrage, believed men and women are equal |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson | Transcendentalist writer, urged people to think for themselves |
| Henry David Thoreau | Author, wrote Walden and "civil disobedience" which argues for non-violent resistance to unjust government |
| Nat Turners Rebellion 1831 | Slave revolt led by Nat Turner, an enslaved preacher, that increased Southern fear and slave codes |
| Amistad | Those enslaves on ships took control of it |
| American Colonization society | Group promoting the relocation of freed slaves to Africa |
| The Liberator | Abolitionist newspaper by William Lloyd Garrison |
| American Anti-Slavery Society | Organization dedicated to ending slavery |
| Gag Resolution | Law preventing Congress from discussing slavery |
| William Lloyd Garrison | Radical abolitionist leader, founded "the liberator", also supported civil rights and women's suffrage |
| Sojourner Truth | Former slave and advocate for abolition and women’s rights |
| Frederick Douglass | Former slave, abolitionist, and writer |
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amybui