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APUSH U3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Seven Years War | (1754-1763) Global war fought in the colonies between the English and the French and their respective allies for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won but with contributed to the American Revolution |
| Albany Congress | In 1754, June 19, a conference that advocated for Britain's security and defense against the French and develop a treaty with the Native Americans |
| Proclamation of 1763 | English law placed after gaining territory from the French from the war. It forbade the colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains. |
| Republicanism | Citizens elect representatives to serve them, rejecting monarchy and gave power of government to the citizens |
| Mercantilism | Economic system where wealth was power and is accumulated by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought |
| Quartering Act | Required certain colonies to provide shelter and food for British troops |
| Stamp Act | 1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc. |
| Stamp Act Congress | A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act |
| Admiralty Courts | British courts in America that handled maritime and smuggling cases, denies colonists trial by jury |
| Sons/Daughters of Liberty | Organizations that led colonial protests of liberty, property, and no stamps against the British |
| Boston Massacre | March 5 1770, protests of colonists due to British taxation which ended in the armed fire of British soldiers and fatalities |
| Boston Tea Party | Political protest on December 16 1773 of American Boston colonists disguised as Indians, boarded docked ships and dumped 342 chests of Tea overboard |
| Intolerable Acts | 1774 laws padded by the British to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tear Party. Expanded Quartering acts, closed Boston Port's, and much more to limit the chartered rights of the colonists |
| First continental congress | 1774 response to intolerable acts in Philadelphia. Delegates from all colonies except Georgia met to discuss problems with Britain and to promote independence |
| Second continental congress | 1775 all colonies meet in Philadelphia after the revolutionary war. Created a continental army with George Washington as the leader, issued paper currency, and adopted the Declaration of Independence |
| Benjamin Franklin | Founding Father that promoted Enlightenment ideals and colonial unity. Signed the Declaration of Independence |
| George Washington | Commander in chief of continental army and brilliantly led America to victory and freedom in the American Revolution. Became 1st US president |
| Alexander Hamilton | A federalist who believed that that manufacturing and trade were the basis of national wealth and power. Helped write federalist papers |
| John Jay | Founding Father, diplomat, and 1st Chief of Justice of Supreme Court and negotiated with Britain |
| John Adams | Second U.S. president from 1797 - 1801 and first vice president. A leading Founding Father who championed independence |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | 1775 First major battle of the American Revolution between the Americans and British at Breed's hill. British victory |
| Hessians | German Soldiers hired by the British to help them fight the Americans during the war |
| Loyalists | They were loyal to the British monarch |
| Patriots | Supported independence from Great Britain and establishment of the U.S. as a self-govern nation |
| Common Sense | Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed that the colonies had a right to be independent |
| Declaration of Independence | 1776 statement written by Thomas Jefferson explaining why the colonists wants independence from Britain |
| Battle of Saratoga | Turning point of the American Revolution. The American Victory at the Hudson river and showed the French the American potential so they provided military support |
| Battle of Yorktown | Last major Battle where American and French forces, led by George Washington, trapped and force surrender of Cornwallis's army |
| Treaty of Paris | 1783, ended American Revolution and the British recognized the U.S. as an independent nation |
| Thomas Paine | American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809) |
| Abigail Adams | John Adam's wife, the first First lady and advocated for women's rights |
| Articles of Confederation | 1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) |
| Land Ordinance of Compromise 1785 | A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers. |
| Northwest Ordinance 1786 | Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states. |
| Shay's Rebellion's | A 1786 rebellion led by Daniel Shay of farmers in Western Massachusetts protesting lighter taxes, suspend property takeovers, and to issue paper currency. |
| Virginias Plan | "Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress and favored larger states |
| New Jersey Plan | Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote which protected smaller states |
| Great Compromise | Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature (Senate) and representation based on population in the other house (House of Representatives) |
| 3/5 Compromise | Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment) |
| Electoral College | A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president |
| Antifederalists | Favored decentralized governments and power to states while opposing the centralized government, believing they had too much power |
| Federalists | Supported the constitution led by Alexander H. and John A. and believed the national government should be strong and opposed bill of rights |
| Republican Motherhood | Women should install Republican values in children and be more active in families |
| Bill of Rights | It protects individuals from government interference and possible tyranny, drafted by a group led by James Madison, consisted of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, |
| Judiciary Act | 1789 organized a Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and 5 associates |
| Assumption | State debt regarded as a national obligation |
| Excise tax | Tax on whiskey and other domestic laws |
| Whiskey Rebellion | In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders |
| Strict construction | The Constitution can only excise powers listed in the Constitution which limited the government |
| Bank of U.S. | The central bank of the nation designed to facilitate the issuance of a stable national currency and to provide a convenient means of exchange for the people. |
| Neutrality Proclamation 1793 | Issued by George W. stating the United States would not support either side in the war and Americans could not aid either Britain or France |
| Jay's treaty | Treaty signed in 1794 between the U.S. And Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory |
| Pickney's Treaty | Established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the U.S. with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River |
| Farewell Address | Washington's retirement, urged the U.S. to stay neutral avoid permanent alliances with nations |
| XYZ Affair | American envoys sent to France to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand. |
| Alien & Sedition Acts | The Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens |
| Virginia/Kentucky resolutions | Response to the Alien acts, deeming them unconstitutional and that states didn't have to follow them |
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amybui