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Soc Unit 1
Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sociology | the study of human society |
| sociological imagination | connect personal experiences to society at large and to greater historical forces. Making the familiar strange or questioning things that seem natural to us |
| social institution | complex group of interdependent positions that together perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time |
| social identity | the way individuals define themselves in relation to groups of which they are a part of or ones they choose not to be apart of |
| Auguste Comte | understood society by determining the logic or scientific laws governing human behavior called social physics or positivism |
| Harriet Martineau | first person to translate Comte's written works into English and one of the earliest feminist social scientists. Wrote How To Observe Morals and Manners |
| Karl Marx | proposed the theory of historical materialism which identifies class conflict as the primary cause of social change. Separation of work and worker |
| Max Weber | his emphasis on subjectivity became the foundation of interpretive sociology which was study of social meaning. Felt like culture, politics, and economics were important influences on society. Verstehen |
| Emilie Durkheim | founder of positivist sociology, developed theory that division of labor helps determine how social cohesion is maintained or not maintained. Discovered anomie |
| Chicago School | focused on empirical research with the belief that peoples behaviors and personalities are shaped by their social and physical environments |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | African American who discovered double consciousness |
| double consciousness | individuals constant awareness of how others perceive them and how the perceptions alter their own behavior |
| Jane Adams | Founder of hull house and more of a social worker rather than academic |
| Functionalism | theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important function to keep society running |
| Functionalists | Durkheim, Parsons, Merton, Comte |
| Conflict theory | idea that a conflict between competing interests is the basic animating force of social change and society in general |
| Conflict theorist | Marx, Weber, WEB Du Bois |
| feminist theory | catchall term for many theories with an emphasis on women's experiences and a belief that sociology and society in general subordinates women |
| symbolic interactionalism | micro level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivation behind peoples actions |
| Symbolic interactionalists | Mead, Cooley, Goffman |
| postmodernism | a condition characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and history, the replacement of narrative within pastiche, and multiple, even conflicting, identities resulting from disjointed affiliations |
| mid range theory | a theory that attempts to predict how certain social institutions tend to function |
| History and anthropology | focus on particular circumstances |
| psychology and biology | examine on microlevel and economics is an entirety quantitative discipline |
| political science | focuses on one aspect of social relations- power |
| microsociology | understands local interactional contexts, focusing on face-to-face encounters and gathering date through participant observations and in-depth interviews |
| macrosociology | looks at social dynamics across whole societies or large parts of them and often relies on statistical analysis to do so |
Created by:
omckenna52