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BIO104 - Quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| main job of lymphatic system | - transports fluid from tissue to bloodstream, - special vessels called laceteals transport absorbed fats to the circulation - defend against pathogens |
| lymphatic capillaries | like lymph vessels, have valves that prevent backflow |
| thoracic lymphatic duct | drains everything but head, neck, and right arm |
| right lymphatic duct | drains head, neck, and right arm |
| increased fluid in lymph capillaries... | ...decreases tissue fluid, preventing edema |
| what happens if the lymph nodes or flow is obstructed? | edema, swelling |
| more muscle movement _________________ lymph flow | increases |
| spleen | purifies blood, sends through blood stream |
| thymus | - job is to mature lymphocytes - gets smaller as you age because body builds up immune system |
| MALT | mucosa-associated-lymphoid tissue - tonsils purify blood, catch foreign material - Peyer's patches - gather foreign matter, extra lymphoid-esque tissue that helps |
| pathogens | cause disease |
| innate vs. adaptive defenses | innate - not specific to a pathogen, just general purification adaptive - one antibody is specific to one antigen |
| first line of defense | skin - where there are openings, mucus membranes catch things |
| second line of defense | inflammation, fever, macrophage / phagocytes (lysosomes break things apart after these things engulf them) |
| third line of defense | antibodies and immune cells |
| antigen | something your body sees as foreign and wants to initiate a response against |
| antibody | immunoglobulin, specific to an antigen |
| T cells (re: immune cells) | 70-80% of all immune cells |
| Helper T cells (re: immune cells) | stimulates production of B Cells and cytotoxic T cells |
| cytotoxic T cells (re: immune cells) | cells that attack cells and inject poison to kill them |
| regulatory T cells (re: immune cells) | suppress an immune responses -- part of problem with autoimmune diseases |
| memory T cells (re: immune cells) | keep track of antigens they've already seen before to enable quick response in the future |
| B Cells or B lymphocytes (re: immune cells) | make sure memory cells and plasma cells are being produced, 20-30% of immune cells |
| plasma (re: immune cells) | secrete antibodies, considered "anti-body machines" |
| interferons / interleukins | used for cancer research |
| complement system | how the immune system works to get rid of foreign materials |
| primary exposure vs. secondary (subsequent exposure) | memory cells are stored enabling a fast response the next time you're exposed |
| naturally acquired immunity | - active - you being infected by something, making antibodies - passive - mom gives it to you in vitro or nursing |
| artificially acquired immunity | active - you get a vaccine passive - antivenom or serum |
| hypersensitivity | anything you see as an allergen |
| histamine | - causes watery eyes, runny nose, etc - what your body produces when it doesn't like what's in you |
| anaphylactic shock | when body focuses more on allergens and fighting it than it does on normal body function |
| autoimmune diseases | immune system attacks itself body thinks things that were there all along are foreign - Type 1 diabetes, MS |
| HIV | - virus that attacks immune cells that are supposed to attacking it - can stay dormant for 10 years |
| Plague | similarities to HIV, those who survived plague were missing one of the two receptors that HIV needs to attach to |
| COVID 19 | biggest issue was that there was no immunity anywhere |
| pandemic vs. epidemic | epidemic - a significant increase in cases of a disease pandemic - epidemic that has crossed international borders |
| 2 things that happen in the lymphatic system after a cut | - lymphatic vessels absorb excess fluid and transport it away - transport immune cells and antigens to lymph nodes |
| 2 things that happen in the immune system after a cut | - initiate inflammation - fight pathogens and clear damaged cells |
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