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Anatomy Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A sagittal cut | Left and right |
| A coronal cut | Front and back |
| A transverse cut | Top and bottom |
| Superior | A relative position meaning above another or closer to the head |
| Inferior | A relative position meaning below another or closer to the feet |
| Anterior | A relative position meaning toward the front |
| Posterior | A relative position meaning toward the back |
| Medial | A relative position meaning towards the midline |
| Bilateral | A relative position meaning paired structures, one on each side |
| Lateral | A relative position meaning away from the midline |
| Contralateral | A relative position meaning structures on opposite sides. |
| Proximal | A relative position meaning closer to the center of the trunk |
| Distal | A relative position meaning farther from the center of the trunk |
| Superficial | A relative position meaning situated closer to the surface |
| Deep | A relative position meaning more internal than the surface |
| Epithelial tissue | Tissue with densely packed cells, and heals easily |
| Connective tissue | Tissue that has few cells in a matrix |
| Muscle tissue | Tissue that contracts |
| Nervous tissue | Tissue that sends electrochemical signals |
| Glandular tissue | Tissue that has chemicals for controlling processes |
| Endocrine gland | Gland that has no ducts, produces hormones, and acts far from the source |
| Exocrine gland | Gland that has ducts , varied products, and acts locally, can be single cell |
| Goblet cells | Cells that produce mucus |
| Keratin | Chemical that's a mjor component of hair, skin, and nails |
| Collagen | Chemical that often acts as a "rebar" in bones and other connective tissue matrix. |
| Elastin | Chemical that is the more flexible and stretchy part of connective tissue matrix. |
| Adipose | Chemical that stores excess lipids. |
| Color | Protection against UV rays and preserves folate/folic acid |
| Flexion | Joint movement that decreases the angle between the bones |
| Extension | Joint movement that increase the angle between the bones |
| Hyperextension | Joint movement that mean going past anatomical position |
| Abduction | Joint movement that goes away from the midline |
| Adduction | Joint movement that moves towards the midline |
| Rotation | Joint movement that is circular on one, single axis |
| Circumduction | Joint movement that is a circular movement that creates a cone shaoe |
| Supination | Joint movemenr that is only the forearm where the ulna and radius are parallel "soup eating" |
| Pronation | Joint movement that is obly the forearm where the ulna and radius cross |
| Eversion | Joint movement at the ankle only where the sole of the foot goes outward |
| Inversion | Joint movement at the ankle only where the sole of the foot goes inward "rolling your ankle" |
| Plantarflexion | Joint movement at the foot only where the toes go downward |
| Dorsiflexion | Joint movement at the foot only where the toes go upward |
| Retraction | Joint movement at the head/jaw only where the body part goes backwards parallel to the ground |
| Protraction | Joint movement at the head/jaw only where the body part goes foreward parallel to the ground |
| Elevation | Joint movement at the shoulders only where you raise them "raising part of shoulder shrugs" |
| Depression | Joint movement at the shoulders only where you lower them "lowest part of shoulder shrugs" |
| Diaphysis | The long, central shaft of the bone |
| Epiphysis | The end part of a long bone |
| Compact bone | The dense, hard, outer layer of bones providing strength, support, and protection |
| Bone marrow | The soft, spongy tissue inside bones that acts as the body's blood cell factory, producing red blood cells. white blood cells, and platelets from blood stem cells. |
| Hyaline cartilage | A type of cartilage that provides a low-friction border between joints |
| Skeletal system | A body system that provides structural support and protection |
| Muscular system | A body system that enable movement |
| Nervous system | A body system that controls bodily function by using electrical and chemical signals |
| Cardiovascular system | A body system that circulates blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body |
| Digestive system | A body system that breaks down food and absorb nutrients |
| Respiratory system | A body system manages the exchange of gases throughout the body |
| Endocrine system | A body system that produces and secretes hormones |
| Urinary system | A body system that filters blood and removes waste |
| Lymphatic system | A body system that is part of the immune system rhat filters lymph |
| Integumentary system | A body system that protects the body and helps regulate temperature, consisting of skin, hair, and nails. |
| Reproductive system | A body system that is involved in the process of human reproduction |
| Antecubital | Regional term for front of elbow |
| Axillary | Regional term for armpit |
| Buccal | Regional term for cheek |
| Celiac | Regional term for internal abdomen |
| Cephalic | Regional term for head |
| Costal | Regional term for rib |
| Hepatic | Regional term for liver |
| Inguinal | Regional term for groin |
| Popliteal | Regional term for behind the knee |
| Renal | Regional term for kidney |
| Sural | Regional term for calf |
| Cubital | Regional term for elbow |
| Abdominal | Regional term for the region between the thorax and the pelvis |
| Acromial | Regional term for the point of the shoulder |
| Brachial | Regional term for arm |
| Carpal | Regional term for wrist |
| Cardiac | Regional term for heart |
| Cervical | Regional term for neck |
| Coxal | Regional term for hip |
| Digital | Regional term for finger or toe |
| Dorsal | Regional term for back |
| Femoral | Regional term for thigh |
| Frontal | Regional term for forehead |
| Gastric | Regional term for stomach |
| Lumbar | Regional term for lower back |
| Genital | Regional term for reproductive organs |
| Gluteal | Regional term for butt |
| Mammary | Regional term for breast |
| Mental | Regional term for chin |
| Nasal | Regional term for nose |
| Occipital | Regional term for the lower back part of head |
| Optic | Regional term for eye |
| Otic | Regional term for ear |
| Palmar | Regional term for palm |
| Patellar | Regional term for knee |
| Pectoral | Regional term for front of chest |
| Pedal | Regional term for foot |
| Pelvic | Regional term for pelvis |
| Perineal | Regional term for the region between the anus and the reproductive organs |
| Plantar | Regional term for the sole of the foot |
| Sacral | Regional term for the posterior region between the hip bones |
| Sternal | Regional term for the middle of the front of the thorax |
| Tarsal | Regional term for instep |
| Thoracic | Regional term for entire chest area |
| Umbilical | Regional term for bellybutton |
| Vertebral | Regional term for spinal column |
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