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final (functions)
final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Oral Cavity | Chews food (mechanical digestion) Mixes food with saliva Starts chemical digestion of carbohydrates |
| Teeth | Cut, tear, and grind food into smaller pieces |
| Tongue | Moves food around the mouth Helps with swallowing Contains taste buds |
| Salivary Glands | Produce saliva Saliva moistens food and contains enzymes that begin digestion |
| Pharynx (Throat) | Passageway that moves food from the mouth to the esophagus during swallowing |
| Epiglottis | Flap of cartilage that closes over the airway Prevents food from entering the lungs |
| Esophagus | Muscular tube that moves food to the stomach using peristalsis (wave-like contractions) |
| Stomach | Stores food temporarily Mixes food with acid and enzymes Begins protein digestion Turns food into a semi-liquid called chyme |
| Small Intestine | main site of digestion and absorption |
| Duodenum | First section of the small intestine Receives bile from the liver and enzymes from the pancreas Continues chemical digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Jejunum | absorbing nutrients like sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and water from digested food |
| Ileum | Last section Absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and remaining nutrients |
| Liver | Produces bile to help digest fats Processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestine Detoxifies harmful substances |
| Gallbladder | Stores and concentrates bile Releases bile into the small intestine when fat is present |
| Pancreas | Produces digestive enzymes (for fats, proteins, carbs) Releases bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid |
| Large Intestine | water absorption and waste made solid |
| Cecum | First part of the large intestine Receives material from the small intestine |
| Colon | Absorbs water and electrolytes Forms solid waste (feces) |
| Ascending colon | absorbs water + moves waste up |
| Transverse colon | continues absorption + moves waste across |
| Descending colon | stores waste + moves waste down |
| Rectum | Stores feces right before elimination |
| Anus | Controls the release of feces from the body |
| amylase | breaks down carbohydrates |
| Pepsin | breaks down proteins |
| lipase | begins digestion (breaks down) of fats |
| nuclease | breaks down DNA |
| order of parts | Mouth➡️Pharynx➡️Esophagus➡️Stomach➡️Small Intestine(Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum)➡️Large Intestine➡️Cecum➡️Colon (ascending → transverse → descending)➡️Rectum➡️Anus➡️ end. |
| Peristalsis | pushes food down throat |
| Bolus | chewed up food as it goes down throat |
| Polyps | abnormal tissue growths in the stomach |
| ulcers | open sores on stomach linings caused by acid burning your stomach's lining |
| endoscopy | upper digestive tract procedure |
| colonoscopy | lower digestive tract procedure |
| smooth muscle | involuntary, unstriated |
| cardiac muscle | striated, involuntary |
| skeletal muscle | voluntary, striated |
| proximal | close to center |
| distal | away from center |
| medial | mid/middle |
| anterior | front |
| posterior | back |
| lateral | outside/towards outside |
| which joint has the most movement | ball-and-socket |
| bile | emulsify fats, comes from liver, sent by gallbladder. |
Created by:
Charlotte S.