Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio 5th 34-37
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a haploid cell | A cell with only type of each chromosome |
| What is a diploid cell | A cell with a homologous pair of each type of chromosome. |
| Interphase | The first stage of the cell cycle when the cell is growing, undergoing normal cell activity and preparing to divide. This is for than 90% of the cell cycle |
| DNA replication | A process in living cells that produces an identical copy of a section of DNA. |
| What is Mitosis | Nuclear division in which the parent nucleus divides to form two genetically identical daughter nuclei. |
| What is Meiosis | Nuclear division in which the diploid parent nucleus divides to form four genetically different haploid daughter nuclei. |
| What are the 4 stages of mitosis called | 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase |
| What happens in stage 1 of mitosis | 1. Prophase- • Nuclear membrane breaks down • Fibres form at the ends of the cell |
| What happens in stage 2 of mitosis | 2. Metaphase- • Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell • Fibres attach to chromosomes |
| What happens in stage 3 of Mitosis | 3. Anaphase- Fibres contract and pull the chromosomes to the ends of the cell |
| What happens in stage 4 of Mitosis | What forms is Two daughter nuclei in two daughter cells |
| What is the role of Mitosis in unicellular organisms | Unicellular eukaryotic organisms reproduce asexually by mitosis. The original parent organism divides into two identical daughter organisms (called clones). Amoeba reproduce using this type of asexual reproduction. |
| What is the role of Mitosis in multicellular organisms | • Growth: Mitosis increases the number of cells, which allows organisms to grow. This process begins when a single zygote divides into two cells. • Replacement of damaged cells: For example, skin cells produced by mitosis constantly replace the dead skin |
| Cytokinesis: Animal cell diagram labels | Cleavage furrow, cell membrane, nucleus and chromatin |
| Cytokinesis: Plant cells diagram labels | Nucleus, Cell wall, Cell membrane, cellulose vesicles form, cell plate, middle lamella |
| What is the cleavage furrow | The cleavage furrow becomes deeper until it divides the cytoplasm and nucleus into two independent cells (indentical cells) |
| Cytokinesis Plant cell diagrams descriptions | 1. Vesicles fuse to create a cell plate. 2. Cell plate continues to grow. 3. Cell plate merges with cell membrane and cell wall of the original cell |
| DNA replication | 1. When Mitosis ends, the cells are in the interphase. 2. DNA must be copied to produce to identical DNA molecules before cell division can start again. 3. The process of DNA replication is controlled by enzymes |
| Cytokinesis diagram | Pg 175 |
| What happens during meiosis | During meiosis, the cell divides twice to produce four haploid cells that each contain only half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. The four haploid daughter cells are genetically different from the diploid parent cell and each other. |
| What is the role of meiosis | • Formation of the gametes for sexual reproduction • Introduction of genetic variation into a population |
| What is mutation | Mutation is a change of the structure of a gene, which may result in a variant form able to be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alternation of single base units in DNA |
| How does the bodies immune system usually respond to cells | Most mutated cells are quickly destroyed by the body’s immune system but sometimes they survive and replicate |
| Outline the difference between mutations that occur during mitosis and those that occur during meiosis. | • Mutations that occur during mitosis only affect the individual's own body cells (somatic cells) and cannot be passed on to offspring. • Mutations that occur during meiosis, in the production of gametes, can be passed on and may affect the individual's o |
| What is cancer | A group of disorders that develop due to an uncontrolled rate of mitosis during the cell cycle. |
| Outline the role of proto-oncogenes in cell division. | If too many proto-oncogenes are damaged due to mutation or there are too many copies, the cell loses control of the rate of cell division. |
| Outline how uncontrolled cell division can lead to the development of tumours. | This abnormal cell division during mitosis results in the growth of a mass of cells called a tumour. |
| What are the main causes of cancer | All cancers develop as the result of a mutation, but the causes of the mutation vary. The causes of cancer can be classified into three major groups: • Infectious agents • Environmental factors • Genetic susceptibility |
| Treatment of cancer | |
| 1. Early detection- Screen programming and self examination 2. Drugs- chemotherapy and immunotherapy 3. Radiotherapy 4. Surgery 5. Therapeutic vaccination |
Created by:
Louie Masterson