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Biology

Enzymes

QuestionAnswer
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions? Enzymes speed up reactions by building up or breaking down molecules without being used up.
What is activation energy? The minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
How do enzymes affect activation energy? Enzymes lower activation energy, allowing reactions to occur faster.
What is a substrate? The reactant that an enzyme acts on.
What is the active site? The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
What happens to enzyme activity as temperature increases? Activity increases until optimal temperature; too much heat causes the enzyme to denature.
What does it mean when an enzyme is denatured? It loses its shape, so the active site no longer fits the substrate.
How does pH affect enzyme activity? Each enzyme works best at an optimal pH; most enzymes function best around pH 7.
What does DNA determine? Inherited characteristics.
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells? In the nucleus
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA? Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
Which bases pair together in DNA? A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.
What makes up the backbone of DNA? Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
What is a nucleotide? A molecule made of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
What is DNA replication? The process of copying DNA so each new cell gets a complete set.
What enzyme unzips DNA during replication? Helicase
What is the role of primase? It lays down a primer to start DNA replication.
What does DNA polymerase do? It builds new DNA strands by adding complementary nucleotides.
What is the leading strand? The strand that is copied continuously toward the replication fork.
What is the lagging strand? The strand copied in segments away from the replication fork.
What are Okazaki fragments? Short DNA segments formed on the lagging strand.
What does ligase do? It connects Okazaki fragments together
What does semi-conservative replication mean? Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.
What are the final products of DNA replication? Two identical double-helix DNA molecule
What is Chargaff’s Rule? A = T and C = G in DNA
If thymine is 15%, what percent is adenine? 15%
If cytosine is 22%, what percent is guanine? 22%
Created by: user-1935535
 

 



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