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PSYCH TERMS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and communicating | cognition |
| cognition about our cognition, keeping track and evaluating our mental processes | metacognition |
| mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | concept |
| mental image or best example of a category | prototype |
| a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information | schema |
| interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas | assimilation |
| in sensation and perception the process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus images of near or far objects on the retina | accomodate |
| the ability to produce new and valuable ideas | creativity |
| narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution | convergent thinking- thinking through multiple choice |
| expanding the number of possible problem solutions | divergent thinking- thinking for an essay prompt |
| cognitive skills that work together enabling us to generate, organize, plan, and implement goal directed behavior | executive functions |
| a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem | algorithms |
| a simple thinking strategy- a mental shortcut- that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently | heuristics |
| a sudden realization of a problem solution | insight |
| thinking about things in terms of their usual functions | functional fixedness |
| a tendency to search for info that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence | confirmation bias |
| in cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, an obstacle to problem solving | fixation |
| a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | mental set |
| an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning | intuition |
| judging the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes | representativeness |
| judging the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory | availability heuristic |
| the tendency to be more confident than correct | overconfidence |
| the persistence of ones initial conceptions even after the basic on which they were formed has been discredited | belief perseverance |
| the way an issue is posed, how an issue is framed | framing |
| framing choices in a way that encourages people to make beneficial positions | nudge |
| the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, use knowledge to adapt to new situations | intelligence |
| according to spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on intelligence test | general intelligence |
| a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test | factor analysis |
| our ability to reason speedily and abstructively | fluid intelligence |
| our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills tends to increase with age | crystallized intelligence |
| the theory our intelligence is based on as well as specific abilities | catell-horn Carroll theory |
| a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill | savant syndrome |
| in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals | grit |
| the ability to percieve, understand, manage, and use emotions | emotional intelligence |
| a method for assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores | intelligence test |
| a test designed to assess what a person has learned | achievement test |
| a test designed to predict a persons future performance | aptitude test |
| a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet | mental age |
| The widely used American revision of Binets original intelligence test | Stanford-Binet |
| defined originally as the ratio of mental age IQ= mental age of 10/chronological age of 8 * 100 = 125 | intelligence quotient |
| the WAIS and its companion versions from children are the most widley used intelligence test | Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale |
| scientific study of the measurement of humans abilities, attitudes, and traits | psychometric |
| defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group | standardization |
| a symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data | normal curve |
| the rise in intelligence test performance over time and across cultures | Flynn effect |
| the extent to which a test yields consistant results assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test | reliability |
| 2 halves of test and compare | split-half |
| taking test every week, every month, etc | test-retest |
| the extent to which a test or experiment measures ir predicts what it is supposed to | validity |
| the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest | content validity |
| how much a test measures a concept or trait | construct validity |
| the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict | predictive validity |
| a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period | cohort |
| a focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed | growth mindset |
| the view that intelligence, abilities, and talents are unchangeable, even with effect | fixed mindset |
| a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotype | stereotype threat |
Created by:
Mackenziexdrake