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A&P2 final lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The urinary system helps regulate blood volume through synthesis and release of which hormone? a) Aldosterone b) Erythropoietin c) Calcitriol d) ADH? | Erythropoietin |
| How would you describe the position of the kidneys? a) Retroperitoneal b) Within peritoneum c) Pericardium d) Pleura? | Retroperitoneal |
| The kidneys receive oxygen-rich blood from the _____. a) Efferent arteriole b) Collecting duct c) Renal vein d) Renal artery? | Renal artery |
| The functional unit of the kidney is the _____. a) Renal medulla b) Hilum c) Nephron d) Renal cortex? | Nephron |
| Damage to what part of the nephron interferes with filtration rate? a) DCT b) PCT c) Glomerulus d) Loop of Henle? | Glomerulus |
| Which substance is NOT filtered because of size? a) Water b) Plasma proteins c) Glucose d) Sodium? | Plasma proteins |
| Activation of which nervous system decreases GFR? a) Sympathetic b) Parasympathetic c) CNS d) Somatic? | Sympathetic |
| Which activates angiotensin II, aldosterone, and ADH? a) ANP b) Calcitonin c) PTH d) Renin? | Renin |
| The second step of urine formation and its primary site are: a) Reabsorption; PCT b) Excretion; collecting duct c) Filtration; glomerulus d) Secretion; DCT? | Reabsorption; PCT |
| Where does active secretion of ions and drugs occur? a) Collecting duct b) DCT c) PCT d) Loop of Henle? | DCT |
| Increased aldosterone increases excretion of _____. a) Water b) Sodium c) Calcium d) Potassium? | Potassium |
| Increased ADH results in: a) Less water reabsorption b) Inhibited thirst c) Less urine production d) Dilute urine? | Less urine production |
| A kidney stone blocking urine flow between kidney and bladder is in the: a) Urethra b) Uterus c) Ureter d) Anus? | Ureter |
| Voluntary urination requires relaxation of which muscle? a) Internal urinary sphincter b) External urinary sphincter c) External anal sphincter d) Internal anal sphincter? | External urinary sphincter |
| Incontinence refers to: a) Loss of kidney control b) Process of urination c) Urine production d) Loss of voluntary control? | Loss of voluntary control |
| Urine flows from the major calyx into the: a) Renal pelvis b) Renal papilla c) Minor calyx d) Ureter? | Renal pelvis |
| Water moves from cells into the ECF when the ECF becomes: a) Hypotonic b) Isotonic c) Hypertonic d) Equal? | Hypertonic |
| Primary route of water gain and loss are: a) Digestive; urinary b) Urinary; digestive c) Integumentary; urinary d) Muscular; digestive? | Digestive; urinary |
| Which blood protein is an excellent buffer? a) Bicarbonate b) Myoglobin c) Hemoglobin d) Phosphate? | Hemoglobin |
| Hyperventilation causes: a) Respiratory acidosis b) Respiratory alkalosis c) Metabolic alkalosis d) Metabolic acidosis? | Respiratory alkalosis |
| The female gonads that produce eggs and male gonads that produce sperm are: a) Uterus; prostate b) Vagina; penis c) Ovaries; testes d) Clitoris; scrotum? | Ovaries; testes |
| The testes are enclosed in a pouch called the: a) Scrotum b) Penis c) Vas deferens d) Prostate? | Scrotum |
| How many chromosomes are in an egg or sperm? a) 46 b) 23 c) 30 d) 15? | 23 |
| The tail of the sperm is called the: a) Cilia b) Microvilli c) Villi d) Flagellum? | Flagellum |
| Which structure is cut during a vasectomy? a) Bulbourethral gland b) Seminal vesicle c) Vas deferens d) Prostate? | Vas deferens |
| A surge in which hormone causes ovulation? a) LH b) FSH c) Estrogen d) Progesterone? | LH |
| The site of fertilization is the: a) Vagina b) Fallopian tube c) Ovary d) Labia majora? | Fallopian tube |
| Cells lining the fallopian tube move the egg using: a) Flagella b) Microvilli c) Villi d) Cilia? | Cilia |
| Which organ nourishes and protects the embryo? a) Fallopian tube b) Vagina c) Uterus d) Ovary? | Uterus |
| The lower portion of the uterus is the: a) Cervix b) Ovary c) Vagina d) Clitoris? | Cervix |
| Shedding of the endometrium is called: a) Menopause b) Menstruation c) Ejaculation d) Endometriosis? | Menstruation |
| Permanent cessation of uterine cycles is: a) Ovulation b) Menstruation c) Menarche d) Menopause? | Menopause |
| The birth canal is the: a) Uterus b) Fallopian tube c) Vagina d) Clitoris? | Vagina |
| Which female structure has erectile tissue and nerve endings? a) Clitoris b) Labia minora c) Labia majora d) Hymen? | Clitoris |
| Cancer detected by rectal exam and PSA test is: a) Ovarian b) Testicular c) Breast d) Prostate? | Prostate |
| Which virus causes most cervical cancer cases? a) Herpes b) HPV c) Hepatitis d) HIV? | HPV |
| Endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus is called: a) Menopause b) Endometriosis c) Menarche d) Menstruation? | Endometriosis |
| The most effective pregnancy prevention is: a) Abstinence b) Rhythm method c) Withdrawal d) Birth control pills? | Abstinence |
| A T-shaped device placed in the uterus is a(n): a) Condom b) Diaphragm c) Patch d) IUD? | IUD |
| Withdrawal before ejaculation is called: a) Abstinence b) Rhythm method c) Coitus interruptus d) Condom? | Coitus interruptus |
| The first step in urine formation occurs where? a) PCT b) Glomerulus c) DCT d) Collecting duct? | Glomerulus |
| Which nephron segment reabsorbs most nutrients and water? a) PCT b) DCT c) Collecting duct d) Renal corpuscle? | PCT |
| Movement of solutes from blood into filtrate is called: a) Filtration b) Reabsorption c) Secretion d) Excretion? | Secretion |
| Which statement about kidney function is TRUE? a) Reabsorption at DCT b) Secretion at PCT c) Filtration at PCT and DCT d) Secretion at DCT? | Secretion at DCT |
| The descending limb reabsorbs ___ while the ascending limb reabsorbs ___. a) Water; sodium b) Sodium; water c) Water; potassium d) Potassium; water? | Water; sodium |
| Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels? a) Thyroxine b) EPO c) Calcitriol d) Calcitonin? | Calcitriol |
| Aldosterone causes all EXCEPT: a) Increased BP b) Sodium reabsorption c) Potassium secretion d) Sodium and water loss? | Sodium and water loss |
| Low ADH levels result in: a) Concentrated urine b) Less urine c) More urine d) No urine? | More urine |
| Which hormone dilates afferent arterioles? a) Aldosterone b) ADH c) ANP d) Angiotensin II? | ANP |
| Which structure secretes renin and erythropoietin? a) Glomerulus b) Juxtaglomerular apparatus c) Bowman’s capsule d) Podocytes? | Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| The kidneys regulate pH by secreting: a) Sodium b) Potassium c) Hydrogen ions d) Chloride? | Hydrogen ions |
| Which waste product comes from amino acid breakdown? a) Uric acid b) Aldosterone c) Creatinine d) Urea? | Urea |
| Correct renal blood flow is: a) Efferent→afferent→glomerulus b) Afferent→glomerulus→efferent→peritubular c) Glomerulus first d) Random? | Afferent→glomerulus→efferent→peritubular |
| Autoregulation primarily controls: a) ADH b) Aldosterone c) GFR d) Renin? | GFR |
| Sympathetic activation causes: a) Dilation and ↑GFR b) Dilation and ↓GFR c) Constriction and ↑GFR d) Constriction and ↓GFR? | Constriction and decreased GFR |
| Oxygen-poor blood leaves the kidney via the: a) Renal artery b) Collecting duct c) Renal vein d) Ureter? | Renal vein |
| Bladder folds are called: a) Cilia b) Microvilli c) Trigone d) Rugae? | Rugae |
| Urine exits the bladder through the: a) Urethra b) Ureter c) Major calyx d) Uterus? | Urethra |
| Ureters are lined with ___ and move urine via ___. a) Smooth muscle; epithelium b) Skeletal muscle; peristalsis c) Transitional epithelium; smooth muscle d) Simple squamous; skeletal muscle? | Transitional epithelium; smooth muscle |
| Collecting ducts empty into the: a) Renal pelvis b) Minor calyx c) Major calyx d) Ureter? | Minor calyx |
| Which organs regulate acid–base balance? a) Heart and lungs b) Kidneys and heart c) Heart and liver d) Kidneys and lungs? | Kidneys and lungs |
| High levels of which ion cause cardiac arrhythmias? a) Water b) Glucose c) Potassium d) Chloride? | Potassium |
| Hypoventilation causes: a) Respiratory acidosis b) Respiratory alkalosis c) Metabolic alkalosis d) Metabolic acidosis? | Respiratory acidosis |
| Prolonged vomiting causes: a) Respiratory alkalosis b) Metabolic alkalosis c) Metabolic acidosis d) Respiratory acidosis? | Metabolic alkalosis |
| If ECF becomes hypertonic, water will: a) Enter cells b) Leave cells c) Stop moving d) Stay equal? | Leave cells |
| Ions most abundant in ECF are: a) Sodium, bicarbonate, chloride b) Potassium, phosphate, magnesium c) Chloride, potassium, bicarbonate d) Magnesium, phosphate, potassium? | Sodium, bicarbonate, chloride |
| Which muscle wrinkles the scrotum? a) Diaphragm b) Dartos c) Cremaster d) Spermatic cord? | Dartos |
| Which muscle elevates the testes? a) Diaphragm b) Dartos c) Cremaster d) Intercostal? | Cremaster |
| Sperm are produced in ___ and testosterone in ___. a) Seminiferous tubules; Leydig cells b) Leydig cells; seminiferous tubules c) Nurse cells; follicle cells d) Follicle cells; nurse cells? | Seminiferous tubules; Leydig cells |
| Enzyme-filled cap on sperm head is the: a) Chromosome b) Middle piece c) Flagellum d) Acrosome? | Acrosome |
| Where do sperm mature? a) Vas deferens b) Epididymis c) Prostate d) Seminiferous tubules? | Epididymis |
| Semen contains: a) Fructose b) Prostaglandins c) Alkaline fluid d) All of the above? | All of the above |
| Which structure carries both urine and semen? a) Prostate b) Seminal vesicle c) Urethra d) Bulbourethral gland? | Urethra |
| Which organ contains erectile tissue and the urethra? a) Penis b) Clitoris c) Prostate d) Vestibule? | Penis |
| Which gland surrounds the urethra and enlarges with age? a) Prostate b) Seminal vesicle c) Bulbourethral d) Cowper’s? | Prostate |
| Which erectile tissue forms the glans? a) Corpora cavernosa b) Corpus spongiosum c) Ischiocavernosus d) Bulbospongiosus? | Corpus spongiosum |
| Gamete-producing cell division is: a) Mitosis b) Nuclear division c) Meiosis d) Somatic division? | Meiosis |
| Exchange of genetic material is called: a) Independent assortment b) Tetrad c) Synapsis d) Crossing over? | Crossing over |
| Hormone that stimulates testosterone secretion: a) FSH b) Testosterone c) LH d) Estrogen? | LH |
| Hormone that triggers spermatogenesis: a) FSH b) Testosterone c) LH d) Estrogen? | FSH |
| ANS division responsible for erection: a) Central b) Somatic c) Sympathetic d) Parasympathetic? | Parasympathetic |
| Pigmented region around nipple is the: a) Alveoli b) Areola c) Vulva d) Vestibule? | Areola |
| Inner uterine lining is the: a) Endocardium b) Endometrium c) Tunica intima d) Perimetrium? | Endometrium |
| Smooth muscle layer of uterus is the: a) Endometrium b) Perimetrium c) Myometrium d) Serosa? | Myometrium |
| Hormone maintaining uterine lining after ovulation: a) Progesterone b) Estrogen c) FSH d) LH? | Progesterone |
| Cells surrounding the oocyte are called: a) Endometrium b) Corpus luteum c) Corpus albicans d) Corona radiata? | Corona radiata |
| Which is NOT birth control? a) Condoms b) Vasectomy c) Circumcision d) Diaphragm? | Circumcision |
| Inability to maintain erection is: a) Incontinence b) Impotence c) Cryptorchidism d) Amenorrhea? | Impotence |
| Rhythm method involves: a) Withdrawal b) Vasectomy c) IUD d) Avoiding ovulation window? | Avoiding ovulation window |
| A complication of gonorrhea and chlamydia is: a) PID b) Genital warts c) Herpes d) AIDS? | Pelvic inflammatory disease |
| Failure of testes to descend is: a) Graves disease b) Cryptorchidism c) Impotence d) Amenorrhea? | Cryptorchidism |
| Antibiotic protein secreted by prostate is: a) Smegma b) Seminalplasmin c) Fructose d) Prostaglandin? | Seminalplasmin |
Created by:
mahak