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Soil Lecture Review

QuestionAnswer
Name the common soil chemical problems and how to correct it 1. Acidic Soils: Add lime 2. Alkaline Soils: elemental sulfur & drainage 3. Sodic Soils: Gypsum 4. Saline Soils: Nothing
What factors affect soil formation? 1. Parent Material 2. Topography 3. Climate 4. Organisms 5. Time
List the roles of organisms in soil 1. breakdown residue 2. release available nutrients 3. transfer nutrients to plants 4. pesticide breakdown 5. some may plant pests
Name the soil horizons O-100% organic matter A- topsoil with organic matter E- materials that have been removed by leaching B- subsoil C- parent material R- rock
What are the 4 components that make up soil? Mineral fraction-sand, silt, clay Air Water Organic Matter
Define: Alluvium, colluvium, loess, eolian, glacial till Alluvium: Water deposits Colluvium: Gravity deposits Loess: silt particles removed by wind deposited at riverbeds Eolian: Wind deposits Glacial Till
Name the soil structure types Granular- ideal type massive single grain prismatic blocky platy
What are examples of microorganisms in soil? Symbiotic bacteria Nitrifying bacteria Nematodes Fungi Actinomycetes
What are the benefits of good soil structure? More pore space for roots & oxygen Prevents erosion Holds nutrients better Holds water better
What are soil compaction management strategies? Control wheel traffic Stay off wet soils No-till Deep ripping Increase crop intensity (cover crops)
What are soil erosion management strategies? Terraces Cover crops Windbreaks No-till Strip-cropping Contour cropping
What does soil temperature affect? Seed germination Microbial life/activity Root growth Emergence
Define these soil water terms: Field Capacity Plant Available Water Saturation Permanent Wilting Point Field Capacity: maximum amount of water soil can hold Plant Available Water Saturation: When all pores are full of water Permanent Wilting Point: the lowest amount of water plants can survive on
Define these soil water terms: Infiltration Gravitational Water Percolation Permeability Infiltration: Water going into the soil Gravitational Water: water being pulled down through the soil Percolation: downward movement of water Permeability: how fast water moves through the soil
List the Macronutrients Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur
List the Micronutrients Iron, Zinc, Chloride, Manganese, Boron, Copper, Cobalt, Molybdenum, Nickel
What factors influence composting efficiency? Temperature Moisture Oxygen C:N ratio Particle size pH
What are concerns of soil crusting? Emergence Decrease infiltration Increase runoff Decrease oxygen
How do you manage soil crusting? Rotary hoe Irrigation Increase residue Increase aggregate stability Increase organic matter
Created by: user-2010091
 

 



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