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PATHO FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A 65 year old experienced loss of appetite, weight loss, lemon-yellow skin, liver enlargement, and a beefy red tongue shortly before her death. Autopsy suggested pernicious anemia, and the cause of death would most likely reveal: | heart failure. |
| A 58-year-old female presents in the clinic with fatigue, weight loss, and tingling in her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit, a high mean corpuscular volume, and normal plasma iron. These assessment findings are consistent wi | Pernicious anemia is manifested by tingling paresthesias of feet and fingers. |
| For a patient experiencing hypersplenism, the nurse expects the erythrocytes to be: | sequestered. |
| A patient who demonstrates chronic gastrointestinal bleeding is diagnosed with anemia. What is the primary cause of the patient’s anemia? | Iron deficiency |
| Aplastic anemia is caused by | stem cell deficiency. |
| A 67-year-old female is admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera. Upon taking the history, the patient will most likely report | chest pain. |
| A 6-year-old male presents with fatigue, jaundice, and irritability. A blood smear shows the presence of sickled cells. Erythropoiesis is compromised in this child; which crisis should the nurse monitor the patient for? | Aplastic crisis |
| A 6-year-old male presents with fatigue, jaundice, and irritability. A blood smear shows the presence of sickled cells. Erythropoiesis is compromised in this child; which crisis should the nurse monitor the patient for? | Aplastic crisis |
| The alpha and beta thalassemias are inherited in an _____ fashion. | autosomal recessive |
| A 16-month-old female presents with tachycardia, pallor, anorexia, and systolic murmur. The nurse is checking the lab results, and the hemoglobin determination indicates a level below _____ grams per deciliter. | 5 |
| in the United States, which group of people should be assessed first for sickle cell disease? | Blacks |
| A mother has a child that is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. While the mother does not have the disease, which characteristic of her genetic makeup is responsible for the child’s disease? | Hb S and Hb A |
| Which laboratory test will assist the nurse in identifying infants who are prone to develop hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? | Coombs |
| The most common cause of myocardial ischemia is: | atherosclerosis. |
| A 62-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain at rest and with exertion. He does not have a history of coronary artery disease and reports that the pain often occurs at night. He is most likely experiencing which type of an | Prinzmetal |
| The nurse realizes the patient diagnosed with mitral stenosis has incomplete emptying of the: | Mitral stenosis would result in incomplete emptying of the left atrium, as the mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. |
| Individuals with Raynaud disease need to be counseled to avoid which of the following conditions to prevent severe symptoms? | Cold exposure |
| A patient with left heart failure starts to have a cough and dyspnea. Pulmonary symptoms common to left heart failure are a result of | pulmonary vascular congestion. |
| A 56 year old presents to his primary care provider for a checkup. Physical exam reveals edema, hepatomegaly, and muffled heart sounds. Which of the following is of greatest concern to the nurse? | Tamponade |
| What is the most common type of congenital heart defect assessed for in infants? | Ventricular septal defect (VSD) |
| What term is used to describe the patent opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery in a fetus? | Ductus arteriosus |
| Intrauterine exposure to which factor could be responsible for a diagnosis of congenital heart disease? | Viral infection |
| A newborn child has a murmur and is cyanotic. An echocardiogram reveals that the tricuspid valve failed to develop and so no blood flows between the right atrium and ventricle. This condition is described with the term tricuspid: | atresia. |
| An 8-week-old infant presents to the pediatrician for a well-baby checkup. Physical exam reveals a murmur, and an echocardiogram confirms a ventricular septal defect. Which genetic disorder is likely to accompany this diagnosis? | Down syndrome |
| A 22-year-old pregnant woman presents to her OB/GYN for a prenatal checkup. The fetal heartbeat sounds irregular, and a fetal echocardiogram reveals an atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect. This defect is the result of: | incomple fusion of the endocardial cushions. |
| The patient diagnosed with tuberculosis can transmit this disease through: | airborne droplets. |
| A patient’s arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. What is the most likely cause of this situation? | Hyperventilation |
| Pneumonia is caused by: | viral or bacterial infections. |
| A 50 year old presents with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left. Tests reveal that the air pressure in the pleural cavity exceeds barometric pressure in the atmosphere. Based upon these assessment findings, what does the nurse suspe | Tension pneumothorax |
| Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema should be assessed for which most common presenting factor? | Dyspnea |
| A 50 year old is diagnosed with lung cancer. The health history includes a 30-year history of smoking, exposure to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation. What had the greatest impact on the development of his cancer? | Cigarette smoke |
| During a respiratory assessment of an infant diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, a depression in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was noted with inspiration. This observation is documented as: | retractions. |
| A 7 month old presents with cystic fibrosis (CF) accompanied by failure to thrive and frequent, loose, and oily stools. Sweat testing confirms the diagnosis. Which of the following is characteristic of CF? | Thick mucous sputum |
| Which pathology is characteristic of asthma? | Expiratory wheezing |
| A cardiovascular alteration seen in a newborn diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome includes: | opening of fetal shunt pathways. |
| A 10 year old is diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. When the parents ask, the nurse shares that the initial treatment will be: | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A). |
| A newborn is diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. When obtaining the patient’s history, which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition? | Premature birth |
| Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by: | immune complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage. |
| A 45 year old presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia and is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. What is the cause of this patient’s anemia? | Inadequate production of erythropoietin |
| A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident that has resulted in prerenal failure. What is the most likely cause of this patient’s condition? | Inadequate renal blood flow |
| A 35 year old who was severely burned is now demonstrating symptomology associated with acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which form of renal failure is this patient experiencing? | Intrarenal |
| A 75 year old reports loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. These symptoms support which diagnosis? | Stress incontinence |
| Physical examination of a newborn who dies shortly after birth reveals wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. These abnormalities support which diagnosis? | Potter syndrome |
| A 7-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence. His mother indicates that he has never been continent before. This history supports which form of enuresis? | Primary |
| A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumors. A nurse knows the tumors are found in the: | kidneys |
| What term is used to describe a chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys? | Renal aplasia |
| A 15 year old presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever and is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this condition? | Poststreptococcal infection |
| Conditions that contribute to dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) include: (Select all that apply.) | polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). obesity. thyroid disease |
| A 38-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cancer. She learns that her mother almost miscarried while pregnant with her and was given diethylstilbestrol (DES) to prevent it. Which of the following cancers does she most likely have? | Vaginal |
| A 21-year-old female is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at higher risk of developing which of the following cancers? | Cervical |
| The descent of the bladder and the anterior vaginal wall into the vaginal canal is called a: | cystocele. |
| The nurse would anticipate the treatment for pelvic organ prolapse to be: | a pessary |
| Cryptorchidism can be defined as: | problems with testicular descent. |
| Symptoms of acute bacterial prostatitis are similar to symptoms of: | urinary tract infection (UTI). |
| The patient’s medication has a side effect of gynecomastia. The nurse would respond that gynecomastia is: | overdevelopment of breast tissue in males. |
| A 35 year old presents with symptomology that is associated with syphilis. What organism is responsible for the development of syphilis? | Treponema pallidum |
| The risk of testicular cancer is greater for which group? (Select all that apply.) | With a history of cryptorchidism, who are of white ethnicity? Between 15 and 35 years of age |
| Chronic gastritis is classified according to the: | location of lesions. |
| A 56 year old is diagnosed with gastric ulcers. Which of the following characterizes this disorder? (Select all that apply.) | Pain occurs immediately after eating. Anorexia. History of NSAID use. |
| A 20 year old recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea. This diarrhea can be classified as _____ diarrhea. | osmotic |
| An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected? | Nutrient malabsorption |
| Meconium ileus (MI) is associated with which of the following disorders? | Cystic fibrosis |
| Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because: | fluid reserves are lower in children |
| Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of: | protein. |
| A 3-month-old female presents with intention tremors, dystonia, greenish-yellow rings in the cornea, and hepatomegaly. Tests reveal a defect on chromosome 13. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Wilson disease |
Created by:
marias0693