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med term study guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| phenylketonuria | a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing |
| mesentery | a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to their abdominal wall |
| retroperitoneal | located behind the peritoneum |
| adenocarcinoma | a malignant (harmful) tumor that originates in glandular tissue |
| ccommunicable disease | any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct contact or by indirect contact with contaminated objects |
| idiopathic disorder | an illness without a known cause |
| dysplasia | an abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs |
| anaplasia | a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other |
| hemophilia | a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing |
| adenosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a gland |
| cytoplasm | the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus |
| iatrogenic illness | an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment |
| transverse plane | top to bottom |
| sagittal plane | divided from side to side |
| frontal/coronal plane | front to back |
| Medical Assistant | prepares patient for examination by taking vital signs, medical history, lab tests, cleans and maintains equipment |
| Nursing assistant, Nurse's aid, Patient Care Technician (PCT) | provides basic and essential patient care such as bathing, bed making, and feeding |
| Registered Nurse, Licensed Practical Nurse, License Vocational Nurse | a state license to provide and manage patient care. An RN is authorized to provide specialized services, including administering medications, teaching, and supervising other staff. |
| Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) | requires a master of science in nursing degree or a doctorate of nursing practice. Can become a nurse practitioner. An RN with advanced training in the dx and tx of illness who provides primary care for patients. |
| Physician Assistant | performs routine medical examinations and diagnostic tests, and treats minor injuries and diseases under the supervision of a physician |
| Medical Translator | provides bilingual assistance for accurate communications between health care providers and non-english speaking patients, a medical translator must know med term in english and a second language |
| genetics counselor | masters degree in genetics counseling from an accredited program. They can counsel patients about the genetic link in certain conditions and give info to help patients and families understand their condition |
| acetaminophen | an analgesic that reduces pain and fever but does not relieve inflammation (Tylenol) |
| hematocrit | describes the percentage, by volume of a blood sample occupied by red cells |
| opthmaloscope | an instrument used to examine the interior of the eye |
| transesosophageal echocardiography | an ultrasound imaging technique used to evaluate heart structures |
| radiopaque | substances does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film |
| bruit | an abnormal sound or murmur heard during auscultation of an artery |
| auscultation | listening for sounds within the body and is usually performed through a stethoscope |
| pericardiocentesis | the puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid |
| ketonuria | the presence of ketones in the urine |
| proteinuria | the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine |
| rale | abnormal crackle-like sound lung sound heard through a stethoscope during inspiration (breathing in) |
| Magnetic resonance imaging | uses a combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create signals that are sent to a computer and converted into images of any plane through the body |
| medical laboratory TECHNOLOGIST | works under the supervision of a pathologist to study tissues, fluids, and cells of the human body to help determine the presence and/or cause of disease |
| medical laboratory TECHNICIAN | works under the supervision of an MT or pathologist, performing many of the routine tests that do not require advanced knowledge |
| histologic technician | works under the supervision of an MT to cut and stain tissue specimens for microscopic examination |
| Medical laboratory ASSISTANT | prepares specimens for testing and helps clean and maintain laboratory equipment |
| pharmacy technician | works under the supervision of a pharmacist, preparing medications for dispensing to patients, labeling medications, preparing IV solutions, maintaining records, and ordering supplies |
| Radiologic Technician | works under the supervision of a radiologist to take x-rays for diagnostic purposes, administer radiation and use nuclear medicine, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance for the diagnostic and treatment of disease |
| MRI technologist | an RT with specialized training who works with magnetic resonance imaging |
| Radiation therapy technologist | prepares cancer patients for tx and administers prescribed doses of ionizing radiation to specific body parts |
| sonographer | conducts ultrasound tests, subspecialties in this field include echocardiograhy, neurosonography, obstetrics and gynecology, and vascular sonography |
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