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Literature Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Boor | A rude or impolite person |
| Carrion | Decaying flesh |
| Philanthropy | The act of donating money or work to those in need |
| Edify | To improve someone morally |
| Besmirch | To make dirty or stain; to damage, particularly someone's reputation |
| Bland | Something that's mild; tasteless; dull |
| Impotent | Powerless; lacking strength |
| Rectify | To correct; to make right |
| Besiege | To overwhelm; to surround and attack |
| Bauble | A showy but useless thing |
| Opulent | Rich, luxurious; wealthy |
| Debacle | A complete failure; a total collapse |
| Cataclysm | A violent change |
| Perfunctory | Done without care; in a routine fashion |
| Imperative | Extremely necessary; vitally important |
| Deference | Respect; consideration |
| Bedlam | A noisy uproar; a scene of wild confusion |
| Banal | Common; ordinary |
| Precise | The exactness and accuracy of expression or detail. |
| Gambol | To frolic; to romp about playfully |
| Carninogen | A substance that can cause cancer |
| Gloat | To look at or think about with great satisfaction |
| Sanguine | Cheerful; optimistic |
| Obloquy | Strong disapproval; a bad reputation resulting from public criticism |
| Maelstrom | A whirlpool; turbulence; an agitated state of mind |
| 'What is Modernism vs Postmodernism? | "A reaction to enlightenment |
| 'What did technology affirm? | "The belief of humans having the capability to better ourselves |
| 'What does Modernism state? | "That traditional values were oppressive |
| 'What was Postmodernism a reaction to? | "Modernism after World War II |
| 'What does Postmodernism lack? | "A central hierarchy and/or that is complex |
| 'What was Postmodernism towards modernism? | "A nihilistic response |
| 'Who is Hemingway? | "One of the most famous American writers |
| 'What did Hemingway write? | "The Old Man and the Sea |
| 'Where did Hemingway go with his 4th wife? | "Cuba |
| 'What was Hemingway a fan of? | "Big-game hunting |
| 'What is the story of 'The Old Man and the Sea' centered around? | "Only 2 or possibly 3 characters |
| 'What award did Hemingway receive for this book? | A Pulitzer Prize |
| 'How many days had Santiago gone without catching a fish at the start of the story?' | Eighty-four days |
| 'What did Santiago’s patched sail look like when furled?' | The flag of permanent defeat |
| 'What did the old man’s scars resemble?' | Erosions in a fishless desert |
| 'What feature of Santiago remained undefeated despite his age?' | His eyes |
| 'What baseball player is alluded to as a symbol of strength and inspiration for Santiago?' | Joe DiMaggio |
| 'What religious relics did Santiago keep in his shack?' | Sacred Heart of Jesus and Virgin of Cobre |
| 'What theme is highlighted when the boy and Santiago pretend about food and nets?' | Pride |
| 'What month is mentioned when the boy tells Santiago to keep warm?' | September |
| 'What did Santiago dream of instead of fish?' | Places and lions on the beach |
| ''What did Santiago call the fish during the struggle | showing respect?'' |
| 'What three things did Santiago call brothers?' | The fish and his two hands |
| 'What prayers did Santiago promise to say if he caught the fish?' | Ten Our Fathers and ten Hail Marys |
| 'What did Santiago promise to do if he caught the fish?' | Make a pilgrimage to the Virgin de Cobre |
| 'What food did Santiago wish for while at sea?' | Flying fish |
| 'What did Santiago fear would come after catching the marlin?' | Sharks |
| 'What did Santiago admit about killing the fish?' | He killed it for pride and because he was a fisherman |
| 'What did Santiago call the sharks when they attacked the marlin?' | Brothers |
| 'What did Santiago say after the sharks mutilated the fish?' | Now they have beaten me |
| 'What did Santiago vow to do against the sharks?' | Fight them until he died |
| 'What did the boy do when he saw Santiago’s damaged hands?' | He cried |
| 'What did Santiago say about the fish compared to himself during the struggle? | The fish is noble and more able |
| 'What three things did Santiago call brothers? | The fish and his two hands |
| 'What did Santiago say to himself about appearing stronger than he was? | 'Let him think I am more man than I am and I will be so' |
| 'What prayers did Santiago promise to say if he caught the fish? | 'Ten Our Fathers and ten Hail Marys' |
| 'What pilgrimage did Santiago promise to make if he caught the fish? | 'To the Virgin de Cobre' |
| 'What food did Santiago wish for while at sea? | Flying fish |
| 'What did Santiago realize about his preparation when facing the marlin? | He was unprepared due to pride |
| 'What did Santiago fear would come after catching the marlin? | Sharks |
| 'What did Santiago admit about killing the fish? | 'He killed it for pride and because he was a fisherman' |
| ''What did Santiago say to the shark | showing man vs. nature tension?' |
| 'What did Santiago feel after killing the shark? | ''Sorry |
| 'What did Santiago think after the sharks mutilated the marlin? | 'Now they have beaten me' |
| 'What did Santiago vow to do against the sharks? | 'Fight them until I die' |
| 'What was Santiago’s state after fighting the fish and sharks? | ''Tired |
| 'What did the boy do when he saw Santiago’s damaged hands? | He cried |
| 'What did the boy show by crying openly for Santiago? | He loved the old man more than himself |
| 'What did the proprietor say about Santiago’s catch? | 'There has never been such a fish' |
| 'What did the boy say when crying again about Santiago? | 'Damn my fish' |
| 'What event showed Santiago’s strength in his youth? | Arm wrestling match |
| 'What did the marlin pair illustrate when the male stayed beside the hooked female? | Hemingway’s biography reflected in characters |
| 'What was the old man’s reason for fishing? | He was born to fish |
| 'What literary device is defined as a situation that contradicts a rule but is true nonetheless? | Paradox |
| 'What did the old man wish regarding the boy and the sharks? | That he had met the boy before the sharks |
| 'What bird did people see at the beginning of the story? | Man-o-war bird (Frigatebird) |
| 'How did the old man’s attitude change toward the fish? | 'He respected and loved it |
| "What are the four elements of early American writing? | Subject Matter, Worldview, Literary Purpose, Plain Style |
| "What does 'Subject Matter' refer to in early American writing? | "Physical conflict such as harsh climate, hostile wilderness, and political/religious issues" |
| "What does 'Worldview' refer to in early American writing? | "Religious and secular views of the world and people in it" |
| "What does 'Literary Purpose' refer to in early American writing? | "Writing intended for instruction or entertainment" |
| "What does 'Plain Style' refer to in early American writing? | "Straightforward or blunt writing" |
| "Which writer used the plain style and attributed all success to the Lord, including the story of Squanto? | William Bradford |
| "Who was considered the first early American writer and helped settle Jamestown? | John Smith |
| "What did William Byrd’s writing give us a glimpse into? | "The wealthy diet and everyday life of colonists" |
| "Why was there controversy concerning women writers of the early American period? | "Women were expected to stay at home, not write about adventures" |
| "Why does Mary Rowlandson show restraint in her writing despite her painful experience? | "To avoid emotional overreaction and challenge stereotypes about women" |
| "What other factor made Anne Bradstreet’s writing controversial besides being a woman? | "Her passionate tone was unusual for the time" |
| "True or False: Samuel Sewell was a judge in the Salem Witch Trials. | True |
| "Why did John Smith write in third person when telling the story of his capture and meeting Pocahontas? | "To appear more credible and gain fame" |
| "Who was the intended audience for 'General History' by John Smith? | "Young men" |
| "Why is Mary Rowlandson’s writing considered plain style? | "It bluntly describes violent events with straightforward language" |
| "How did Jonathan Edwards organize the sermon 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'? | "Bible text, doctrine, application" |
| "What humorous yet God-fearing story is told in 'Of Plymouth Plantation'? | "Man overboard" |
| "What was Edwards’s motive for the sermon 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'? | "To challenge people’s faith and urge them to turn from sin" |
| "What literary device is used in 'Your wickedness makes you as it were heavy as lead'? | Simile |
| "What literary device is used in 'A spider’s web would have no more influence to stop a falling rock'? | Metaphor |
| "How does Jonathan Edwards use all four early American writing elements in his sermon? | "He uses religious subject matter, a biblical worldview, instructional purpose, and plain style" |
| "What are three uses of Gothic Romanticism in the excerpt? | Ghosts, spectral resemblance, chill as death |
| "Romanticism in literature means the author explores __ over facts or beliefs. | Emotion |
| "Why does Hester stay in New England? | She loves Dimmesdale and finds it difficult to move as a woman |
| "What can the reader infer as the reason Chillingworth is more upset with the father than Hester? | He still loved Hester too much to hate her |
| "Even though Dimmesdale says he confessed to his congregation, what did he really do? | He said it vaguely in a sermon |
| "What does Dimmesdale do the day after the nighttime scaffold scene? | He preaches his best sermon |
| "Pearl is mostly described as __ and __. | Beautiful and intelligent |
| "The word that almost always preceded Roger Chillingworth’s name is __. | Man made |
| "The motif used to symbolize Dimmesdale was __. | His hand over his heart |
| "The narrator of the story is __ because Hawthorne tells the innermost thoughts of all main characters. | Omniscient |
| "When Dimmesdale, Hester, and Pearl stand together on the scaffold and hold hands, Hawthorne describes that they form a(n) __. | Chain |
| "Hawthorne often describes Hester’s mind as being in confusion and doubt — in a maze or __ of doubt. | Labyrinth |
| "The reference to David and Bathsheba in Dimmesdale’s home is an example of: | Allusion and foreshadowing |
| "Give an example of early American Literature subject matter in The Scarlet Letter. | "Religious matters such as Hester committing adultery" |
| "What are the other three elements of Early American Literature besides subject matter? | Worldview, Literary purpose, Plain style |
| "Who was credited as the father of Transcendentalism? | Emerson |
| "What is the definition of Transcendentalism? | "Exploration of reality beyond the five senses" |
| "According to Transcendentalism, where does truth originate? | Nature |
| "Name three Transcendental pessimist authors. | Poe, Hawthorne, Melville |
| "Name three Transcendental optimist authors. | Whitman, Emerson, Equillo |
| "What was the name of the Transcendentalist god? | Over Soul |
| "What did Transcendentalists think about the individual? | The individual is naturally good and it's the most important part of the belief |
| "What else is fluid or can change according to the author of 'Nature'? | Truth |
| "Which scenario best shows that feelings are not always correct? | All of these scenarios (d) |
| "How did the boss’s actions in 'Bartleby' hurt others? | He exiled Bartleby and repeated the harm to others |
| "How does 'Bartleby' end and what message does it send? | Bartleby dies in prison; non-conformity can backfire |
| "What is the theme of 'Walden'? | Simplicity |
| "Why is 'Walden' considered a flawed experiment? | Thoreau borrowed land |
| "Who wrote 'Our Town'? | Wilder |
| "Why is there no plot in 'Our Town'? | "It shows everyday life without a central theme" |
| "What is the subject matter of each act in 'Our Town'? | Act 1: Family, Act 2: Romance, Act 3: Death |
| "What is unusual about the production of 'Our Town'? | Minimal set |
| "What is ironic about the quote 'we walk around ignorant and blind' in 'Our Town'? | "We can’t see Wilder’s message because we’re still living" |
| "At the beginning of the book, Buck feels like a: | King |
| "Who sells Buck at the beginning of the story? | Manuel |
| "How does this passage show anthropomorphism? 'Spitz ran out his tongue and laughed again…' | Spitz laughing is a human trait |
| "What does Buck learn from witnessing Curly’s death? | There is no fair play in wild dog fights |
| "When Buck isn’t given the lead after defeating Spitz, what does he do? | Protest |
| "Why didn’t Francois leave Buck behind when he misbehaved? | He was smart and valuable |
| "What scares Buck most about Hal, Charles, and Mercedes? | Their ignorance |
| "When Thornton finds Buck, what is happening? | Hal is beating Buck |
| "What is Buck’s biggest fear after meeting Thornton? | That Thornton would leave |
| "How did Buck learn to survive in the snow and cold? | By observing the behavior of other dogs |
| "What lesson early on did Buck never forget? | The man in the red sweater and the club |
| "Was Buck homesick for Judge Miller’s home? Why or why not? | No, because he adapted to the wild |
| "What is one connection between Jack London’s biography and the novel? | London went to the Yukon during the Gold Rush |
| "Give an example of Buck’s behavior that isn’t purely wild. | "He plays with a squirrel instead of killing it" |
| "What does Buck remember when he meets the wolf in Chapter 7? | His love for Thornton |
| "Why does Buck prey on the moose buck and how is it chosen? | It was old and sickly, easier to wear down |
| "What transformation takes place when Buck enters the forest? | He becomes fully wild |
| "What motivates Buck after seeing Thornton dead? | To avenge Thornton |
| "Who does Buck kill for the first time? | Humans (the Yeehats) |
| "What emotion does Buck feel after killing? | Pride |
| "What do we learn is wrong with Buck’s motives? | He continues killing, thinking it avenges Thornton |
| "What were the three things Franklin warned colonists about concerning wealth? | Laziness, Pride, Foolishness |
| "What is the theme of 'Way to Wealth'? | Warnings about moral and financial discipline |
| "Why did Franklin remind colonists of these things? What was changing? | They were becoming lazy and indulgent |
| "What pronoun does the Constitution begin with? | "We the People" |
| "Why is there no antecedent for the opening pronoun in the Constitution? | "The founders wanted flexibility for future interpretation" |
| "What pronoun is used in the Constitution to refer to Congress? | They |
| "What is Dimmesdale’s temptation with the young maiden and why is it psychologically revealing? | He nearly speaks to her but restrains himself, showing his internal conflict and guilt |
| "What does Hawthorne imply by using the phrase 'Heathen Nature' when sunshine shines on Hester and Dimmesdale? | Nature falsely comforts them; it doesn’t cleanse their sin |
| "How can we infer that Hester has not fully repented during the last scaffold scene? | She still hides the truth and resists Dimmesdale’s public confession |
| "What is the climax or pivotal moment of the novel? | Hester reveals that Chillingworth is her husband |
| "Why could some people not 'see' the A on Dimmesdale’s chest or understand his confession? | They were spiritually blind and Dimmesdale spoke indirectly |
| "When Hester returns after many years, why is the scarlet letter no longer a symbol of shame? | She wears it of her own volition |
| "What is Hester’s response when Dimmesdale says his confession is better than running away? | She disagrees and believes they would have been better off escaping together |
| "What is Chillingworth’s motive throughout the novel? | To torment Dimmesdale and seek revenge |
| "What is Dimmesdale’s true motive? | To find peace through confession, though he struggles with guilt and self-preservation |
| "What is Hester’s motive? | To protect Dimmesdale and eventually escape with him |
| "What is Pearl’s symbolic role and motive? | To seek truth and acknowledgment, representing Hester’s living conscience |
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