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chapter 2 es
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mineral | a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition |
| inorganic | not formed from living things or the remains of living things |
| crystal | a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again |
| streak | a color of a mineral's powder |
| luster | the way a mineral reflects light from it's surface |
| Mohs hardness scale | a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in the testing of the hardness of minerals |
| cleavage | a mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces |
| fracture | the way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way' a break in a bone |
| geode | a hollow rock inside which mineral crystals have grown |
| crystallization | the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure |
| solution | a mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute that has the same properties throughout; a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another |
| vein | a narrow deposit of a mineral that is sharply different from the surrounding rock, a blood vessel that brings blood back to the heart. |
| rock- forming mineral | a common, naturally occurring mineral that serves as a fundamental building block for rocks |
| granite | a very hard, granular crystalline, igneous rock consisting mainly of quartz, mica, and feldspar and often used as a building stone |
| basalt | a dark, fine-grained,extrusive igneous rock formed by the rapid cooling of iron- and magnesium- rich lava at or near Earth's surface |
| grain texture | the size, shape, and arrangement of individual crystals or particles within a material, like rocks, which dictates its overall look, feel, and physical properties, affecting everything from hardness in minerals to electronic behavior in semiconductors |
| igneous rock | a rock formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma below ground or lava above ground) |
| sedimentary rock | formed from the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of mineral and organic particles (sediments) from pre-existing rocks or living organisms, creating distinct layers (strata) at the Earth's surface over time |
| metamorphic rock | a pre-existing rock that has been transformed by intense heat, pressure, and deep within the Earth's crust, altering its mineral composition, texture, and structure without completely melting it, often creating new minerals or foliated layers |
| extrusive rock | an igneous rock that forms when magma erupts onto the Earth's surface or is ejected as fragments, cooling and solidifying quickly in the air or water, resulting in fine-grained textures or glassy structures with tiny or no visible crystals |
| intrusive rock | an igneous rock formed from magma that cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface |
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