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Mr. Fullmer EOS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homer | Blind poet who made the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| Greco-persian Wars | Battles/Wars over a time period of 50 years between the Greeks and Persia; established Greece as the most powerful |
| Philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) | Socrates: Tried to find answers by asking questions. Plato: Wrong the republic. Aristotle: Teacher of Alexander the Great. |
| Olympics | Sporting event held every four years between city-states to honor Zeus |
| Democracy | Developed in Athens; only adult male citizens could vote |
| Oligarchy | Rule by a small group of people (Sparta) |
| Citizenship in each city state | adult male with property; granting political rights like voting, property ownership, and military duty, while excluding women and slaves from participation |
| Peloponnesian War | Series of wars between the Greek city-states that were won by Sparta but weakened the entire area. |
| Alexander the Great | Conquered Greece & most of known world; spread Greek culture everywhere he went |
| Hellenism | The influence of culture spread by transmission |
| Founding of Rome | Romulus & Remus = Founders of Rome. Romulus killed his brother after dispute about city walls |
| Roman Republic (Consul/Senate/Checks and Balances) | Consul = 1 of 2 (typically military) Senate = Group of 300 wealthy citizens. Checks & Balances = Safeguards so no one has too much power |
| Twelve Tables | Foundation of all laws used during the Roman Republic |
| Patricians | Wealthy aristocrats, originally only allowed to be Senators |
| Plebians | Poor & working class; artists, farmers, etc. Allowed to participate in the government by voting |
| Julius Caesar | General who conquered Gaul & Egypt; asked to be dictator for life but was killed because he threatened their power |
| Agustus/Octavian | First emperor of Rome; defeated Marc Antony, once called Octavian. Ruled for over 40 years |
| Roman Empire | Around 1230 years long |
| Language | Throughout this period, almost everyone was speaking Latin. |
| Decline and Fall | The loss of control of the Western Empire paved the way for it's fail |
| Time Period of the Middle Ages | 500-1500 A.D. |
| Anglo-Saxons | barbarians who were the first speakers of Old English; settled in England |
| Burgundians | barbarians who settled in eastern France and Switzerland; helped fight back the Huns |
| Celts | barbarians from Ireland and Scotland; known for head hunting and coloring their hair fiery red during battle |
| Franks | barbarians who unified parts of France, Spain, Belgium, and Switzerland; greatest leader was Charlemagne |
| Huns | barbarians who came from Asia and attacked Europe's cities; led by Attila |
| Lombars | barbarians who defeated the Ostrogoths on the Italian peninsula; leaders were called "duces" |
| Ostrogoths | barbarians who tried to take over the Italian peninsula, but were stopped by the Romans and Lombards |
| Vandals | barbarians who stormed through France and Spain; settled on the North African coast and became pirates |
| Vikings | Barbarians who plundered Britain; sailed to and settled in Iceland, Greenland, and Canada |
| Visigoths | barbarians from eastern Germany who settled in Spain; converted to Christianity and gave away all their land |
| Feudal Pyramid | Pope, monarch, nobles, knights, vandals, merchants, farmers, craftsmen, peasants, serfs |
| Knights | Vassal of a lord - 40 military days per year |
| Chilvalry | Code of behavior that knights had to follow |
| Guilds | Organization of similar buisiness owners who controlled a craft (bakers, nurse, mechanic, blacksmith) |
| Black Plague | Epidemic that spread throughout Europe in the mid 1300's |
| Catholic Church Importance | Started becoming popular throughout Rome |
| Crusades | Series of religious wars intended to recapture the holy land from the Infedels |
| Urban II | Pope who ordered 1st Crusade |
| Exchange of Ideas | Occurred through trade routes, religious ideas and more; Transmission |
| Reasons for decline of Feudalism | Due to rise of strong monarchies with centralised powers |
| Humanism | Believe that all humans have self-worth & people should enjoy & develop skills & talents |
| Transmission | Gathering of new ideas |
| Exploration | To find gold, God, and glory |
| Columbus | Italian who sailed for Spain & discovered new world in 1492 |
| Magellen | Sailed for Spain trying to become rich; crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe |
| Advances in Art | Realism, perspective, sfumato, foreshadowing, chiaroscuro |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | Italian artist, scientist & inventor known for making the Mona Lisa & The Last Supper |
| Sale of indulgences | People had to pay the church for their sins to be forgiven |
| 95 Thesis | List of complains written by Martin Luther; hung on the Church's door |
| Henry VII | Broke away from the Catholic church to create his own church because they wouldn't allow a divorce |
| John Calvin | Swiss religious reformer, set up theocracy in swizterland |
| Predestination | John Calvin's belief that everything is pre-determined |
| Scientific Advances & Inventions | clocks, lenses, blood transfusions, flush toilets |
| Geocentrism vs. Heliocentrism | Geocentrism = Earth is center of universe. Heliocentrism = Sun is center of universe |
| Galileo | Proved heliocentrism - punished by catholic church |
| Copernicus | Believed in Heliocentrism |
| Gutenberg | Invented movable type printing press |
| Changed in law | Shifted towards centralised power |
| Magna Carta | To limit power of monarchs, King John was forced to sign an agreement |
| Divine Right of Kings | Belief that a monarch has been chosen by god and answers only to him |
| English Bill of Rights | Document saying "Monarchs Cannot Be Catholic" |
| Glorious Revolution | Overthrow of James II, kept England a Protestant country |
| Absolutism | Belief that a monarch had complete and total control |
| Causes for French Revolution | The third estate had to pay too much taxes and people were unhappy |
| First Estate | Clergy - 1% of population, owned 10% of all land, didn't pay a lot of taxes |
| Second Estate | Nobility - 3% of population, owned 80% of all land, paid not a lot of taxes |
| Third Estate | 96% of population, paid almost all the taxes |
| Bourgeoisie | Wealthy merchants, paid heavy taxes, 8% of population |
| Estates-General | Meeting called by Louis XIV, began on May 5th, 1789 |
| Storming of the Bastille | Mob of angry peasants, stormed the Bastille for gunpowder on July 14th, 1789 |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | A document, inspired by the American Revolution. Law and groundwork. |
| Reign of Terror | Sept 15-July 28 1793-1794; Many people were thought to be against the revolution and were beheaded (killed) |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | Tried to make France better, kinda succeeded, got exiled, escaped, captured, exiled again and died |
| Effects of the French Revolution | Ending Feudalism, paving the way for Modern France |
Created by:
vanaisamazing