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Heart Failure

QuestionAnswer
HF Definition Clinical syndrome; heart can't pump enough blood to meet body's metabolic demands.
Left vs Right HF Left: Pulmonary congestion (crackles, dyspnea). Right: Systemic congestion (JVD, edema, hepatomegaly).
Systolic vs Diastolic HF Systolic: Can't pump (low EF <40%). Diastolic: Can't fill (stiff ventricles).
BNP Diagnostic Levels <100=normal. >100 suggests HF. >300=mild, >600=moderate, >900=severe HF.
First-Line HF Meds ACE inhibitors (vasodilate), Beta-blockers (chronic HF), Diuretics (reduce fluid).
Pulmonary Edema Cause Life-threatening fluid in alveoli due to severe left-sided heart failure.
Pulmonary Edema Symptoms Anxiety, tachypnea, pink frothy sputum, crackles. Medical emergency.
Pulmonary Edema Treatment High-Fowler's, high-flow O2, IV morphine, IV furosemide, nitroglycerin.
Cardiogenic Shock Pump failure; low CO leads to shock. Often post-MI. Sx: hypotension, oliguria, cool/clammy skin.
Cardiac Tamponade Triad Beck's Triad: Hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds. Plus pulsus paradoxus.
Tamponade Emergency Care IV fluids for BP, prepare for pericardiocentesis (needle drainage of pericardial sac).
Infective Endocarditis Signs Fever, new murmur, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, Osler nodes, Janeway lesions.
Pericarditis Key Feature Chest pain worsens with inspiration & lying down; improves sitting/leaning forward. Friction rub.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest Absent carotid pulse = arrest. BLS: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation (for VT/VF).
Acute HF Med: Milrinone IV inotrope/vasodilator. Improves contractility but causes hypotension/dysrhythmias.
Digoxin Nursing Care Check apical pulse (<60 hold). Toxicity: N/V, vision changes. Therapeutic: 0.8-2.0 ng/mL.
Nursing Priorities for HF Daily weight, I&O, sodium/fluid restriction, energy conservation, position HOB high.
Pericarditis Sign Pericardial friction rub (scratchy sound) heard at left sternal border.
Created by: Wasurenboh
 

 



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