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Management 220 Exam4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| motivation | set of forces that determine how people behave |
| What are the 3 major types of motivation theories? | content theories of motivation (WHAT motivates us), process theories of motivation (WHY & HOW motivation occurs), Reinforcement Theory (HOW outcomes Influence behaviors |
| Deficit principles | satified need no longer motivates behavior, once you meet goal you won't longer be motivated |
| progression principle | the need at one level does not become activated until the lower level need in the herarchy is satisfied |
| 5 level of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy from low to high | Physiology, Security, Belongingness, Esteem, Self-actualization |
| What is the weakness of maslow's Hierarchy | it's not always present, order isn't always the same |
| Existence needs | material well-being, relates to maslow's physiological and safety needs |
| relatedness needs | related to maslow's belongingness and external esteem needs, how one relates to social enviroment |
| growth needs | related to maslow's internal esteem and self-actualization needs. Desire for personal growth & development |
| M = | E x l x V |
| Equity vs Inequity | Individuals equate values of rewards to effort and compare it to other people |
| Goal setting theory | Employees will be motivated by goals that have 4 chracteristics |
| Difficulty | Extend to which a goal is challenging and requires effort |
| Specificity | clarity and precision of the goal |
| Acceptance | Extent to which persons accept as their own |
| Commitment | Extent to which an individual is personally interested in reaching a goal |
| Reinforcement theory | Explains the role of rewarding as they cause behavior to change or remain the same over time |
| 2 strengthening reinforcements | positive and avoidance or negative reinforcement |
| 2 weakening reinforcements | punishment and extinction |
| Extinction | behavior you want to die out, by not providing a deserable consequence |
| Compressed work schedule | working a lot of hours in a few days |
| Expectancy theory | Motivation depends on how much we want something and how likely we are to get it |
| Equity theory | Individuals equate value of rewards to effort and compare it to other people |
| Communication | process of transmitting information from one person to another |
| Effective communication | process of sending a message so that the message recieved is as close in meaning as possible to the message iniciated |
| 3 basic forms of communication | Interpersonal, Networking & Teams, Organizational communication |
| Oral communication | when the spoken word is used to express meaning |
| Written communication | when the written word is used to transmit meaning |
| nonverbal communication | communication exchange that doesnt use words or uses words to carry more meaning than the strict definition of the words themselves |
| Nonverbal communication is _____ important in some societies than in others | more |
| What are rules of business texting? | keep posotive, avoid serious topics, don't abbreviate, auto correct |
| What are the different patters of communication network? | Wheel, Chain, Y, Circle, Spoke |
| Vertical communication | communication that flows up and down thru organization, along formal reporting lines |
| Upward communication is the most subject to __________ | Distortion |
| Horizontal communication | communication that invovles persons at the same level of the organization |
| grapevine communication | information communication network that can permate an organization |
| what are the types of grapevines? | Gossip and Cluster |
| Cross gender communication | interactions between people of different genders |
| Interpersonal attraction | people are attracted to one another, like working together |
| Group activites | activities of the group appeal to them |
| group goals | group's goals motivate them |
| need satisfaction | satisfies an individuals need for affiliation |
| instrumental benefits | membership provides other benefits |
| Resource intensive | the team cost more, not able to work on your actual job, group possibly a distraction |
| groupthink | combine group ideas , going with the normal plan |
| social loafing | not doing their fair share in a group project |
| Lone wolf | doesnt have interpersonal relations, doesnt believe anyone else are capable of their quality of work |
| What is the 1st stage of group developing | forming - meet each other, learn task, learn roles |
| What is the 2nd stage of group developing | storming - learning how to work together, learning abilities |
| What is the 3rd stage of group developing | Norming - work and act together, flexible and helping each other |
| What is the 4th stage of group developing | Performing - working towards goals, everyone is focused |
| Role ambiguilty | when set role is unclear |
| role overload | when role expectations exceeds individuals capabilities or too many roles |
| role conflict | when role expectation interfere with something else |
| inter vs intra roles | conflict between roles conflict for one role, different sources |
| intrasender conflict | when a single source sends contradictory messages |
| person role conflict | piscerepency between role requirments and an individuals values attitudes, and needs |
| group norms | Standards of behavior that are expected of the members |
| group cohesiveness | tendency for a group to be in unity whole working towards a goal |
| stimulating conflict | increase competition among individuals and teams, hiring outsiders |
| controlling conflict | expand, resource base, set goals, match personalities, and work habits |
| resolving conflict | avoidance, compromise, confront and negotiate |
| flextime | work arrangements, letting employees adjust their start and end times while working same total hours |
| jobsharing | flexible arrangements where two or more employees split duties, hours, and pay of full time position |
| telecommunicating | practice from working online making use of internet and computer technology |
Created by:
SWiedeman