Pediatric Airway Differences

Obligate nose breathers, small nasal passages, large tongue, enlarged tonsillar/adenoid tissue.

Stridor: High-pitched INSPIRATORY sound, upper airway obstruction. Wheezing: EXPIRATORY, lower airway.

Bacterial Cause; Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Treat with antibiotics to prevent rheumatic fever.

Post-Tonsillectomy Bleeding Sign

Frequent swallowing. Bleeding risk is highest days 5-10 post-op from tissue sloughing.

Eustachian tubes in kids are shorter, wider, more horizontal, leading to poor drainage and infection.

Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)

Fluid in middle ear without acute infection. Common cause of conductive hearing loss. No antibiotics.

Laryngotracheobronchitis Viral, age 6mo-3y. Barking cough, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness. Treat with cool mist, steroids.

Bacterial (H. influenzae type B). MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Do not use tongue blade. Sore throat, drooling (emergency), distress.

Most commonly Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Causes wheezing, tachypnea in infants <12 months d/t major mucous

RSV Transmission & Isolation

Spread by contact with secretions. Requires contact isolation in hospital. No vax preventive medicine (Palivizumab). O2 rest H2O

Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostic Test. Chloride >60 mEq/L is diagnostic. Autosomal recessive inheritance.

CF Pulmonary Management

Airway clearance techniques (chest PT), inhaled dornase alfa, antibiotics for infection, high-calorie diet.

Foreign Body Aspiration

Common in kids <3. Lodges in right mainstem bronchus. Sudden coughing/gagging. Complete obstruction is emergency.

Heimlich Maneuver for conscious child >1 year with complete obstruction. Ab thrusts until object dislodged or unconscious.

Common cold; Viral or bacterial. Fever and cough key. Fluid replacement - especially breast milk. Humidity, antibioitics rest

Tonsilitis Complication

Rheumatic fever can occur which can affect the mitral valves - causing regurgitation and valve replacement also kidney damage.

Sever Croup Treatment

Racemic epinephrine cool mist humidification, O2 if dropping, corticosteroids will help manage cough.

Epiglottitis Prevention

HiB vaccine. usually follows an u. respiratory infection. high fever. Might need tracheotomy if you can't intubate dx thumb xray.

Starts as a cold rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, coughing/sneezing) progresses major cough/wheeze, retractions, air hunger. tachypnea

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Peds Respiratory

Question	Answer
Pediatric Airway Differences	Obligate nose breathers, small nasal passages, large tongue, enlarged tonsillar/adenoid tissue.
Stridor vs Wheezing	Stridor: High-pitched INSPIRATORY sound, upper airway obstruction. Wheezing: EXPIRATORY, lower airway.
Tonsillitis	Bacterial Cause; Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Treat with antibiotics to prevent rheumatic fever.
Post-Tonsillectomy Bleeding Sign	Frequent swallowing. Bleeding risk is highest days 5-10 post-op from tissue sloughing.
Otitis Media Patho	Eustachian tubes in kids are shorter, wider, more horizontal, leading to poor drainage and infection.
Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)	Fluid in middle ear without acute infection. Common cause of conductive hearing loss. No antibiotics.
Croup	Laryngotracheobronchitis Viral, age 6mo-3y. Barking cough, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness. Treat with cool mist, steroids.
Epiglottitis (Acute)	Bacterial (H. influenzae type B). MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Do not use tongue blade. Sore throat, drooling (emergency), distress.
Bronchiolitis	Most commonly Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Causes wheezing, tachypnea in infants <12 months d/t major mucous
RSV Transmission & Isolation	Spread by contact with secretions. Requires contact isolation in hospital. No vax preventive medicine (Palivizumab). O2 rest H2O
Chloride Sweat Test	Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostic Test. Chloride >60 mEq/L is diagnostic. Autosomal recessive inheritance.
CF Pulmonary Management	Airway clearance techniques (chest PT), inhaled dornase alfa, antibiotics for infection, high-calorie diet.
Foreign Body Aspiration	Common in kids <3. Lodges in right mainstem bronchus. Sudden coughing/gagging. Complete obstruction is emergency.
Choking Kids	Heimlich Maneuver for conscious child >1 year with complete obstruction. Ab thrusts until object dislodged or unconscious.
Nasopharyngigits	Common cold; Viral or bacterial. Fever and cough key. Fluid replacement - especially breast milk. Humidity, antibioitics rest
Tonsilitis Complication	Rheumatic fever can occur which can affect the mitral valves - causing regurgitation and valve replacement also kidney damage.
Sever Croup Treatment	Racemic epinephrine cool mist humidification, O2 if dropping, corticosteroids will help manage cough.
Epiglottitis Prevention	HiB vaccine. usually follows an u. respiratory infection. high fever. Might need tracheotomy if you can't intubate dx thumb xray.
RSV Presentation	Starts as a cold rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, coughing/sneezing) progresses major cough/wheeze, retractions, air hunger. tachypnea

Created by: Wasurenboh

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