Poor skin turgor, prolonged capillary refill, and abnormal respiratory pattern.

Leading cause of illness in kids <5; in developing countries, 20% of deaths are related to it.

Constipation in Newborns

First meconium should pass in 24-48 hrs; delay may indicate Hirschsprung's or cystic fibrosis.

Failure of maxillary process to fuse in early fetal life, usually during 6th week of gestation.

Usually performed at age 2 months to help avoid future speech defects.

Usually performed between 6-12 months in anticipation of speech development.

Cleft Lip Pre-op Feeding

Use modified nipple, feed upright, bubble/burp frequently (every 15-30 mL).

Cleft Lip Post-op Care

Prevent suture trauma: position on back/side, use elbow restraints, clean gently after feeds.

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Abnormal connection between esophagus and trachea; often with esophageal atresia.

Esophageal Atresia/ Trach/Esophageal Fistual: Classic signs: Choking, Coughing, and Cyanosis. Key for early recognition.

Caused by relaxed cardiac sphincter; common in preemies due to hypotonia.

GERD Manifestations: Infants

Spitting up, irritability, weight loss, frequent URIs, apnea, bloody stools/emesis.

Pyloric Stenosis Assessment

Olive-sized mass in RUQ, visible peristaltic waves, projectile vomiting, hungry after vomiting.

Hirschsprung's Disease

Absence of ganglion cells in colon causing decreased motility and functional obstruction.

Imperforate Anus Assessment

No stool passage in 24h, meconium from inappropriate orifice, can't insert rectal thermometer.

Acute Appendicitis Pain

Begins periumbilical, migrates to RLQ (McBurney's point). Sudden relief may indicate rupture.

Pain in RLQ when palpating other quadrants. Coughing to elicit pain is better than palpation. Associated with appendicitis

Home treatment is appropriate; Oral rehydration therapy (ORT), BRATT diet, soy formula for infants, monitor for dehydration.

Will usually require hospital care; Isolation, NPO, IV fluid/ electrolyte replacement, strict I&O, daily weights, skin care.

Constipation Management

Increase fiber/fluids, stool softeners, suppositories, enemas. Digitally remove stool if impacted.

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Peds GI

Question	Answer
Dehydration Signs	Poor skin turgor, prolonged capillary refill, and abnormal respiratory pattern.
Acute Diarrhea	Leading cause of illness in kids <5; in developing countries, 20% of deaths are related to it.
Constipation in Newborns	First meconium should pass in 24-48 hrs; delay may indicate Hirschsprung's or cystic fibrosis.
Cleft Lip Patho	Failure of maxillary process to fuse in early fetal life, usually during 6th week of gestation.
Cleft Lip Repair	Usually performed at age 2 months to help avoid future speech defects.
Cleft Palate Repair	Usually performed between 6-12 months in anticipation of speech development.
Cleft Lip Pre-op Feeding	Use modified nipple, feed upright, bubble/burp frequently (every 15-30 mL).
Cleft Lip Post-op Care	Prevent suture trauma: position on back/side, use elbow restraints, clean gently after feeds.
Tracheoesophageal Fistula	Abnormal connection between esophagus and trachea; often with esophageal atresia.
EA/TEF Three Cs	Esophageal Atresia/ Trach/Esophageal Fistual: Classic signs: Choking, Coughing, and Cyanosis. Key for early recognition.
GERD in Infants	Caused by relaxed cardiac sphincter; common in preemies due to hypotonia.
GERD Manifestations: Infants	Spitting up, irritability, weight loss, frequent URIs, apnea, bloody stools/emesis.
Pyloric Stenosis Assessment	Olive-sized mass in RUQ, visible peristaltic waves, projectile vomiting, hungry after vomiting.
Hirschsprung's Disease	Absence of ganglion cells in colon causing decreased motility and functional obstruction.
Imperforate Anus Assessment	No stool passage in 24h, meconium from inappropriate orifice, can't insert rectal thermometer.
Acute Appendicitis Pain	Begins periumbilical, migrates to RLQ (McBurney's point). Sudden relief may indicate rupture.
Rousing Sign	Pain in RLQ when palpating other quadrants. Coughing to elicit pain is better than palpation. Associated with appendicitis
Diarrhea Mild	Home treatment is appropriate; Oral rehydration therapy (ORT), BRATT diet, soy formula for infants, monitor for dehydration.
Diarrhea Severe	Will usually require hospital care; Isolation, NPO, IV fluid/ electrolyte replacement, strict I&O, daily weights, skin care.
Constipation Management	Increase fiber/fluids, stool softeners, suppositories, enemas. Digitally remove stool if impacted.
Meckel's Diverticulum

Created by: Wasurenboh

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