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Stack #4594519
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| two sections of abdominopelvic cavity | 1). peritoneum - double walled membraneous sac that encloses the cavity - inner layer - visceral peritoneum - outer layer - parietal peritoneum 2). retroperitoneum - space behind peritoneum - kidneys, pancreas, colon and rectum are within this space |
| regions of abdomen and quadrants | - right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilicial, right and left iliac, hypogastric - RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ |
| hypersthenic vs. hyposthenic re: organ positioning | hypersthenic - things get pushed up + to sides hyposthenic - things get pushed down and elongated |
| cardia, re: sections of stomach | surrounds esophogeal sphincter |
| fundus, re: sections of stomach | superior portion, filled with gas |
| pylorus, re: sections of stomach | narrow, communicates with small intestine (duodenum) |
| body, re: sections of stomach | main section of section |
| small intestines | extends from pylorus of stomach to ileocecal valve, approximately 22 feet long |
| three sections of small intestine | duodenum - 8-10" jejunum - upper 2/6 ilium - lower 3/6 |
| large intestine | extends from ileocecal valve to anus, contains pouches called haustra formed by bands of muscle called taeniae coli |
| four sections of large intestine | cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal |
| functions of urinary system | remove waste products, balance electrolytes/fluids, regulate blood pressure, produce 1-2 liters of urine daily |
| components or urinary system | two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, one urethra |
| functional portion of kidney that makes urine | nephron |
| location of kidneys | level of L3 and at 30 degree angle |
| hepatobiliary anatomy components | liver - largest gland in body, rests in RUQ gallbladder - rests inferior to liver |
| functions of liver | produces bile, receives unique double blood supply via portal vein and hepatic artery |
| four lobes of liver | right, left, caudate, quadrate |
| biliary system | - gallbladder is responsible for storing and concentrating bile - connected to the liver and duodenum via a system of biliary ducts - contracts when a fatty meal is eaten to dump bile into duodenum |
| KUB | kidneys, urinary, bladder |
| optimal technical factors for abdomen | 75-90 kVP 20-50 mAs 14x17 |
| tissue structures used to determine optimal technique | lower liver border psoas muscles kidneys ribs transverse process of lumbar verterbrae |
| when is exposure for abdominal procedure generally made? | at the end of expiration to avoid compression of organs |
| AP supine abdomen | - IR centered on iliac crest - patient instructed to bend knees - CR directed at level of iliac crests - SID minimum 40" - collimate to 14x17" |
| AP abdomen (KUB) | - Entire region of interest visualized - Collimation extend from above superior aspect of kidneys to pubic synthesis - collimation extends past medial and lateral border of anatomy - No evidence of rotation - equal space between sacroiliac joints |
| upright abdomen | - if patient is ubable to stand, a left lateral decubitis projection can be used - IR centered to 2" above iliac crests |
| acute abdomen series | - demonstrates abdominal contents, presence of free air, and air fluid levels - generally consists of AP supine (KUB), AP upright, PA chest upright |
| flat and upright abdomen series | - usually requires AP supine, AP upright - for both procedures, a left lateral decubitus is performed in lieu of the upright if the patient can't stand |
| lateral decubitus abdomen | - patient is placed in a lateral recumbent on right or left side, IR centered to 2" above iliac crests and placed against patient's back |
| left lateral decubitus | - essential side down when fluid is detected - essential side up when air is detected - collimation extend to include diaphragm - collimation extends past medial and lateral border of anatomy |
| dorsal decubitus abdomen | - used when patients can't stand or lie on their side - patient supine on bed or stretcher |
| location of appendix | attached to cecum |
| L5 | attached to sacrum |
| ASIS | anterior superior iliac spine, a key bony landmark on front of pelvis |
| acetabulum | socket of hip bone where head of femur fits |
| symphysis pubis | cartilaginous joint at front of pelvis where pubic bones meet |
| obturator foramen | large opening in pelvis |
| ischial tuberosity | bony part of pelvis at bottom of buttocks |
| iliac wing | large, fanned out, upper portion of ilium |
| sacroiliac joints | where the triangular sacrum meets the hip bones |
Created by:
user-1998695