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vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist. |
| Electron | a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids. |
| nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth: |
| proton | a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign. |
| Neutron | a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen. |
| electron cloud | a mathematically defined region surrounding the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. |
| atomic number | the number of positive charges or protons in the nucleus of an atom of a given element, and therefore also the number of electrons normally surrounding the nucleus. at. no.; Z |
| isotopes | any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, but having different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, or different atomic weights. There are 275 isotopes of the 81 stable elem |
| mass number | the integer nearest in value to the atomic weight of an atom and equal to the number of nucleons in the nucleus of the atom |
| ion | an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons, as a cation positive ion, which is created by electron loss and is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis, or as an anion negative ion, which is created |
| periodic table | a table illustrating the periodic system, in which the chemical elements, formerly arranged in the order of their atomic weights and now according to their atomic numbers, are shown in related groups. |
| group | two or more atoms specifically arranged, as the hydroxyl group, –OH. Linguistics. |
| periods | horizontal rows of elements |
| metal | an element yielding positively charged ions in aqueous solutions of its salts. |
| luster | the way a mineral reflects or absorbs light at its surface |
| ductility | the capacity to undergo a change of physical form without breaking; malleability or flexibility. |
| malleability | the state of being malleable, or capable of being shaped, as by hammering or pressing. |
| Alkaline earth metal | any of the group of bivalent metals including barium, radium, strontium, calcium, and, usually, magnesium, the hydroxides of which are alkalis but less soluble than those of the alkali metals. |
| transition element | any element in any of the series of elements with atomic numbers 21–29, 39–47, 57–79, and 89–107, that in a given inner orbital has less than a full quota of electrons. |
| nonmetal | an element not having the character of a metal, as carbon or nitrogen. |
| halogen | any of the electronegative elements, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, bromine, and astatine, that form binary salts by direct union with metals. |
| metalloid | a nonmetal that in combination with a metal form an alloy |
| semi conductor | a substance, as silicon or germanium, with electrical conductivity intermediate between that of an insulator and a conductor: a basic component of various kinds of electronic circuit element semiconductor device used in communications, control, and detect |
| noble gas | any of the chemically inert gaseous elements of group 8A or 0 of the periodic table: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. |
| chemical bond | a mutual attraction between two atoms resulting from a redistribution of their outer electrons See also covalent bond electrovalent bond coordinate bond |
| electron dot diagram | shows the amount of valence electrons around the abbreviation for the element |
| valence electron | an electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell valence shell of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom. |
| covalent bond | the bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms |
| compound | the bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms |
| chemical formula | composed of two or more parts, elements, or ingredients. |
| ionic bond | the electrostatic bond between two ions formed through the transfer of one or more electrons. |
| molecule | Chemistry, Physics. the smallest physical unit of an element or compound, consisting of one or more like atoms in an element and two or more different atoms in a compound. |
| metallic bond | the type of chemical bond between atoms in a metallic element, formed by the valence electrons moving freely through the metal lattice |
Created by:
Gfreeman