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2nd Nine Weeks Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | the smallest part of an element that still represents and element |
| Electron | a particle with a negative charge |
| Nucleus | most of an atom's mass and positive charge is concentrated in a small area in the center of the atom |
| Proton | an atomic particle that has one positive charge |
| Neutron | a neutral particle that exists in the nucleus in an atom |
| Electron Cloud | an area around an atomic nucleus where an electron is most likely to be located |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in an atom of an element |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| Mass Number | the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| Ion | an atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost electrons |
| Periodic Table | chart of the elements arranged in rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties |
| Group | a column on the periodic table |
| Period | rows on the periodic table |
| Metal | an element that is generally shiny, it is easily pulled into wired or hammered into thin sheets. a metal is a good conductor of electricity and thermal energy |
| Luster | describes the ability of a metal to reflect light |
| Ductility | the ability to be pulled into thin wires |
| Malleability | the ability of a substance to be hammered into thin sheets |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | elements in group 2 on the periodic table |
| Transition Elements | elements in group 3-12 on the periodic table |
| Alkali Metals | elements in group 1 of the periodic table |
| Nonmetals | elements that have no metallic properties |
| Halogen | element in group 17 of the periodic table |
| Noble Gases | elements in group 18 of the periodic table |
| Metalloid | an element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| Semiconductor | conducts electricity at high temperatures but not low temperatures |
| Chemical Bond | A force that holds two or more atoms together |
| Compuond | matter made up from two or more different types of atoms joined together by chemical bonds |
| Electron Dot Diagram | a model that represents valence electrons in an atom as dots around the element's chemical symbol |
| Valence Electrons | an outermost electron of an atom that participates in chemical bonding |
| Conduct | to serve as a medium through which something can flow |
| Ion | an atom that is no longer electrically neutral because it lost or gained electrons |
| Ionic Bond | the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in an ionic compound |
| Metallic Bond | a bond formed when many metal atoms share their pooled valence electrons |
| Bond | a force that holds atoms together in a compound |
| Chemical Formula | a group of symbols and numbers that represents the elements and number of atoms of each element |
| Covalent Bond | a chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons |
| Molecule | a group of atoms held together by covalent bonding that acts as an independent unit |
| Polar Molecule | molecule that has a partial positive end and a partial negative end due to unequal sharing of electrons |
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