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History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who won the French and Indian War? | The British. |
| What were the four major territorial terms for Britain in the Treaty of Paris (1763)? | I. All French lands east of the Mississippi River. II. Florida (from the Spanish). III. Several French islands in the Caribbean. IV. Senegal (from the French). |
| What were two agreements the British made with Native Americans in the Proclamation of 1763? | British agreed to resume gifts and trade with Native Americans. |
| What was the major geographic restriction of the Proclamation of 1763? | It created the Proclamation Line, which ended westward expansion for colonists. |
| Where were British settlers redirected instead of west of the Proclamation Line? | Quebec, Florida, and the Caribbean Islands. |
| Why did the British increase taxes on the colonists after the French and Indian War? | To pay for the war and the military administration required for the new lands. |
| What military event required more British troops to be deployed to the colonies? | Pontiac's War. |
| Name five different acts passed by the British Parliament to tax or control the colonies. | Sugar Act, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, Coercive Acts. |
| What core values did the colonists emphasize that led to conflict with the British? | Liberty, Self-Reliance, Property Rights, Individualism. |
| What was the colonists' primary complaint about new taxes? | "Taxation without representation." |
| What concept did colonists believe was corrupt when referring to the King and Parliament? | They concluded Parliament and the King were corrupt due to the centralization of authority and punitive acts. |
| What was the "Boston Massacre"? | A confrontation where British troops shot and killed several people. |
| Why were off-duty British troops a source of tension in Boston? | They were taking jobs, mainly at the docks, from colonists. |
| What British Act led to the Boston Tea Party? | The British Tea Act. |
| What was the British response to the Boston Assembly after the Boston Tea Party? | The British Parliament dissolved it, closed Boston Harbor to trade, and assumed control of all Massachusetts assemblies. |
| What is the difference between Virtual Representation (Parliament's view) and Actual Representation (Colonists' view)? | Virtual Representation: Parliament members represent all British subjects, including colonists. Actual Representation: Colonists wanted their own elected officials to sit in Parliament. |
| What percentage of American colonists were estimated to be Loyalists (loyal to England)? | Approximately ⅕ (one-fifth) of the colonists. |
| What was the significance of the Olive Branch Petition? | It was a final attempt by the colonists for peace, which King George III rejected. |
| What were two actions taken by the English against American sailors and ships? | Impressing American sailors into the Navy/Army and confiscating American goods from ships. |
| What key actions did the colonists take to justify their fighting for independence? | They itemized grievances, made a global announcement that they were fighting for a just cause, and argued England was taking human rights given by God. |
| Name three groups of people who were typically Loyalists. | Elites (Economics), Recent Arrivals from England, Merchant Class, Anglican Members, or those who feared "radicalism." |
| Name three reasons the British lost the American colonies. | Alienated Loyalists, behaved arrogantly/failed to stop soldier abuses, failed to develop alliances with the enslaved, gave up the Northern battle too soon, global enemies (French, Spanish, Holland) won in other theaters, or the empire was too large |
| What were two immediate economic effects of the war? | Printed Currency leading to Inflation, less demand/decreased production, or dislocation/disruption of trade and commerce. |
| What were the three key functions of the Initial Congress (1775)? | Maintain an Army, Negotiate with foreign nations (resources, equipment, alliances), and Issue Currency. |
| In the Northwest Territory, what led to hostilities with Native Americans? | NA tribes resisted the settlers' advance, formed a confederation, and traded with the French and British for weapons. |
| What was the sequence of the U.S. government structure from the revolution to the new republic? | Continental Congress → Articles of Confederation → Constitution. |
| What was the purpose of the Jay-Gardoqui Treaty? | A negotiation between John Jay (US) and the Spanish government regarding who could use the Mississippi River. |
| What was the key weakness of the national government under the Articles of Confederation? | No means to compel revenue (taxation) and only a Legislative branch where each state had one vote. |
| Name three compromises in the Constitution regarding slavery. | No authority to discontinue importing slaves for 20 years, all states required to return escaped slaves, and slaves would count as ⅗ of a citizen for representation. |
| What was the main fear of the Anti-Federalists regarding the new Constitution? | Too much power would corrupt, less accountability due to geography, and the lack of a Bill of Rights. |
| Who were the heads of the first four executive departments under President Washington? | State (Thomas Jefferson), War (Henry Knox), Treasury (Alexander Hamilton), Attorney General (Edmund Randolph). |
| What were Alexander Hamilton's three major goals as Secretary of Treasury? | Created the Bank of the US, managed US debt and credit, and linked the wealthy's interests to the new government's success. |
| What was Hamilton's financial plan for the Federal Government's debt? | Pay off Federal Debt ($52M) and Assume State Debt ($25M). |
| What was the difference between a Semi-Subsistence Farmer economy and a Commercial Economy? | SSF: Lived in rural areas, produced what they needed (barter economy), often opposed privilege. Commercial: Urbanized, sold goods in a wider market for cash (wage economy), favored the Constitution. |
| What four factors led to the creation of the first political parties? | Increased voters/literacy, efficient representation of divergent interests, large numbers of newspapers, and well-known political leaders. |
| What were the three main beliefs of the Federalists (early party)? | Located in Northeast/Middle, Commercial economy, feared "full democracy" (Mob Rule), government should regulate public behavior/economy. |
| What were the three main beliefs of the Democratic-Republicans? | Semi-subsistence economy, feared central government expansion/empowerment, feared treasury would corrupt, believed agriculture was the foundation. |
| What two main sources did the government rely on for revenue after abolishing taxes under the Democratic-Republicans? | Land sales and tariffs. |
| What were two of the four specific orders given for the Lewis and Clark expedition? | Make detailed observations/notes, investigate a potential land route to the Pacific, engage in diplomacy with Native Americans, and state a formal claim for Oregon Territory. |
| What was the outcome of the Native American requirements to assimilate? | Many started drinking alcohol, increased domestic violence, families disintegrated, and the collapse of the clan. |
| What was a major problem with the Embargo Act? | France was not dependent on US goods, British ships transported US goods, or US laws were violated. |
| How did the Democratic-Republican party change after Thomas Jefferson? | More Nationalistic, more Expansionistic, had an ambitious Economic Plan, and more willing to go to war. |
| What were three reasons the military struggled in the War of 1812? | Military was too small, not enough trained soldiers/right equipment, poor leadership, British Navy blocked US ports easily, or Congress was reluctant to start taxing to pay for the war. |
| What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820? | Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and slavery was allowed south of Missouri's southern border. |
| What was the significance of the War of 1812 for the US economy? | It stimulated domestic manufacturing (as the Thomas Jefferson embargo had), stifled European capital, and led to an increase in US investment and new infrastructure. |
| What were the three parts of the "geographic triad" that emerged from the Industrial Revolution? | Textile factories in the North, the US as the largest supplier of cotton (South), and Bankers providing credits. |
| How did canals benefit the US? | Allowed ships up and down stream, decreased shipping costs/increased speed, connected different regions, and new towns emerged. |
| How did farmers adapt to the new transportation systems? | Accessing new transportation, working longer hours, cultivating larger parcels of land, increasing crop volume, engaging in the national economy, and using scientific farming (crop rotation, fertilizers). |
| What was the impact of the Telegraph and Printing Press on communication? | Telegraph (Morse Code) enabled newspapers to release updates faster; Printing Press revolutionized journalism, increased printing speed, and decreased the cost of newspapers. |
| What was the negative environmental impact of water-powered technology? | Pollution, waste dumped into rivers, diseases, flooding farmlands, blocked rivers, affected fish spawning, and damaged mills due to dams. |
| What was a positive outcome of water power for young women? | More jobs were open, they rented boarding houses, and gained some independence. |
| What were three common labor complaints that led to an increase in unions? | Long hours, low wages, and bad working conditions. |
| What new term emerged to describe the focus on only making money? | Concern only about money. |
| What is Monoculture? | What is Monoculture? |
| What event shattered the two-party system leading to Democratic-Republican dominance? | The Election of 1824, which was decided by the House of Representatives. |
| Who were the two major candidates that emerged in the Election of 1828? | John Quince Adams (Whig Party) and Andrew Jackson (Democratic Party). |
| What two key changes characterized the Election of 1828 compared to previous ones? | A return to a two-party system and the use of mass electioneering, making it more about personality than policy ideas. |
| What was the "Trail of Tears"? | Andrew Jackson persuaded Congress to adopt a removal policy, leading to the forced movement of Native Americans due to the increased demand for land. |
| Name two discriminatory actions taken against Black people in this era. | Stricter voting requirements, not receiving all civil rights, segregation, forced into lower-paying jobs, excluded from labor unions, or less nutritious diet. |
| What was President Jackson's main issue with the Bank of the US? | It had too much power over the national economy, and its board members were not elected. |
| What was Jackson's legacy regarding the Presidency? | Extensive use of the veto, which expanded the power of the presidency. |
| What was the Doctrine of Nullification, which Jackson overcame? | An effort by Southern politicians to argue that states have the right to deny a federal law. |
| What was the Democratic Party's stance on Tariffs and the Bank of the US (B.U.S.)? | Low Tariffs and No B.U.S. |
| What was the Whig Party's stance on Tariffs and Federal money for infrastructure? | High Tariffs and Yes to Federal money for infrastructure. |
| In terms of class, which groups typically supported the Democrats? | Lower socioeconomic, Semi-subsistence Farmers, low-income factory workers, small businesses, German/Irish Immigrants. |
| In terms of class, which groups typically supported the Whigs? | Higher Socioeconomic, Merchants, Investors/Corporations, large-scale Farmers/Plantations, English/Scotch/Welsh. |
| What were two key outcomes of the Second Great Awakening? | Increased attendance at Protestant churches, increased participation in reform programs, a decrease in alcohol abuse, or traditional family values reinforced. |
| What was the goal of the Temperance Movement? | To decrease alcohol abuse, leading to sober voters/workers, increased social status, and improved family relationships. |
| What two changes occurred in American families following the Second Great Awakening? | Marrying older, having fewer children, parents giving more attention to their kids, and equality in inheritance/gender for children. |
| What was a key difference between the Protestant and Catholic views of the Bible? | Protestants believed in reading/praying with the Bible, while Catholics believed in obeying church teachings/leaders. |
| What was the core belief of the Transcendentalists? | Emphasized feelings over reason, sought spirituality via nature (Romanticism), and believed every person possessed a "spark" of the divine. |
| What was the goal of the Socialists and Utopians? | To create perfect societies, sharing all property and labor (Collectivism). |
| What was the unique practice of the Shakers? | Segregation of gender and practicing celibacy. |
| What were two core values of Mormonism? | Hard Work, Thrifty, Self-control, Optimism, Materialism, or the belief in the imminent return of Jesus (Millennial Kingdom). |
| What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention in NY? | To advocate for Women's Rights (educational/professional opportunities, change in property/divorce/family laws, and suffrage). |
| What were the main crops of the Upper South (e.g., Virginia, Maryland)? | Wheat and Corn. |
| What was the main crop of the Lower/Deep South (e.g., South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi)? | Cotton. |
| What percentage of Southerners were in the Highest slave-holding class (100+ slaves)? | 1% of Southerners. |
| What percentage of Southerners were in the Middle class (15-20 slaves)? | 25% of Southerners. |
| What was the primary difference in culture between the Atlantic Tidewater and the Cotton Lords regions? | Atlantic Tidewater had a diverse, more urbanized, older culture; Cotton Lords had a uniform, deeply rural, newer culture ("Old South"). |
| What four values were used to justify slavery? | Racism, Profit, Exploitation, Violence, Control, or Paternalism. |
| What was a Yeoman Farmer? | A farmer with less wealth, fewer or no slaves, often lacking access to transportation, credit, or markets. |
| What was the underclass percentage and their living condition? | 5% of the population; lived on the poorest land, were often squatters, and were illiterate with poor health/nutrition/lifespan. |
| What was the difference between the Gang System and the Task System for labor? | Gang System: Slaves worked in large groups (20-25) under an overseer. Task System: Each slave was given specific instructions/duties to complete. |
| What was a unique feature of the Black church in the South? | Churches were often critical of slavery, gave Black people a sense of self-worth, and bound them socially and spiritually (hope). |
Created by:
27akohan