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Chapter 6
Cardiovascular System: Diseases & Conditions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anemia | Disorder involving a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin. |
| Aplastic Anemia | Disorder in which the bone marrow doesn't produce enough RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets. |
| Hemolytic Anemia | Disorder marked by excessive destruction of RBCs. |
| Iron-Deficient Anemia | Condition in which the body does not have enough RBCs due to a lack of iron, which is an essential mineral for hemoglobin production. |
| Pernicious Anemia | Disorder in which the body does not manufacture enough RBCs due to a vitamin B12 deficiency. |
| Sickle-Cell Anemia | Genetic disease in which the body manufactures RBCs that are shaped like a sickle/crescent rather than the normal disk shape. Sickle-shaped RBCs disrupt blood flow in the blood vessels. |
| Thalassemia (Cooley's Anemia) | Genetic disorder in which the body produces less hemoglobin than normal. |
| Aneurysm | Localized, balloon-like dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery. |
| Arrhythmia | Irregular heartbeat. |
| Bradycardia | Slow heart rate. |
| Fibrillation | Rapid, spontaneous contractions of the muscle fibers in the atria or ventricles; atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation. |
| Flutter | Condition in which the atria beat more rapidly than the ventricles, causing a quivering moment; atrial flutter. |
| Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) | Extra, abnormal heartbeats that disrupt the regular ventricular rhythm o the heart. |
| Tachycardia | Fast heart rate. |
| Arteriosclerosis | Condition of thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls. |
| Artherosclerosis | Condition of plaque buildup in the arteries. |
| Cardiac Tamponade | Pathological condition in which excess fluid accumulates in the pericardium. |
| Cardiomyopathy | Condition of diseased heart/cardiac muscle. |
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) | Disease resulting from reduced blood flow from the heart; characterized by weakness, breathlessness, abdominal discomfort, and edema in the lower extremities (the legs). |
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Narrowing of the coronary arteries, resulting in an insufficient blood supply to the heart. |
| Cyanosis | Bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin, caused by decreased circulation of oxygen-rich blood. |
| Edematous | Pertaining to swelling; often associated with insufficient function of the left ventricle. |
| Embolus | Mass of solid, liquid, or gas that travels through the bloodstream, causing occlusion (obstruction) of a blood vessel. |
| Endocarditis | Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart muscle. |
| Heart Murmur | Abnormal sound heard during auscultation of the heart, such as a whooshing sound created by a valve not completely closing. Most heart murmurs are completely harmless. |
| Hemophilia | Rare genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot normally due to the absence of a clotting protein in the blood. The result is longer bleeding time during injury or trauma. |
| Hypertension | Condition of a higher-than-normal BP. Primary hypertension occurs when a patient has no other identifiable causes for hypertension. Secondary hypertension occurs when a patient has complications from another disease or condition. (ex: pregnancy, diabetes, |
| Hypotension | Condition of having lower-than-normal blood pressure. |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse | Condition in which the mitral valve between the left atrium and left vnetricle does not close properly; may cause blood leakage back into the left atrium. |
| Multiple Myeloma | Cancer of the blood in which plasma cells grow uncontrollably in the bone marrow. |
| Myocarditis | Inflammation of the myocardium. |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | Tissue death in the heart muscle resulting from an occluded (obstructed) coronary artery; heart attack. |
| Pericarditis | Inflammation of the pericardium (sac surrounding the heart). |
| Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) | Disease in which narrowing of the arteries resulting in decreased blood flow to the extremities, causing intermittent calf pain, called claudication, curing walking or exercising. |
| Polycythemia | Bone marrow disorder that causes excessive production of RBCs. |
| Shock | Clinical syndrome in which peripheral blood flow is insufficient to return blood to the heart for normal dunction. Shock is initially characterized by agitation; anxiety/restlessness; confusion; cool, pale, clammy skin; cyanosis; chest pain; dizziness; an |
| Thromboflebitis | Inflammation of a vein caused by the formation of a thrombus (clot). |
| Varicose Veins | Enlarged, twisted, superficial veins, most commonly seen in the lower extremities. |
| Thrombus | A blood clot that forms on the wall of a blood vessel and stays attached to the site in which it developed. If the thrombus detaches from the wall and enters the bloodstream, the clot becomes an embolus. This condition is called embolism. |
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