Inflammation of the gastric mucosa (stomach lining) classified as erosive/nonerosive and acute/chronic

Sudden onset, short duration, often caused by H. pylori infection, NSAIDs, alcohol, or irritants

Long-term inflammation; can be autoimmune (pernicious anemia) or due to chronic H. pylori infection

Causes mucosal damage and ulcers; linked to NSAIDs, alcohol, stress, and recent radiation

Most often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection without significant mucosal erosion

Bacterial cause of most gastritis and PUD; spread via contaminated food/water; requires antibiotics

Prolonged NSAID/steroid use, excessive alcohol, smoking, stress, advanced age, H. pylori Dyspepsia, epigastric pain/burning, nausea, vomiting, bloating, anorexia, weight loss

Symptoms Complications

Dyspepsia, epigastric pain/burning, nausea, vomiting, bloating, anorexia, weight loss; Gastric bleeding (hematemesis, melena), pernicious anemia, dehydration, gastric outlet obstruction;

Diagnosis of Gastritis

Upper endoscopy (EGD) with biopsy is gold standard; also H. pylori breath/stool tests NPO 6-8 hours prior; throat anesthetic used; monitor for perforation post-procedure

Gastritis Nursing Care

Monitor I&O, electrolytes; small frequent meals; avoid irritants; stress reduction; observe for bleeding

Result of chronic gastritis damaging parietal cells, reducing intrinsic factor and B12 absorption

Pernicious Anemia Treatment

Requires lifelong monthly vitamin B12 injections due to lack of intrinsic factor

H2 Receptor Antagonists

Decrease gastric acid by blocking h2 receptors ; -tidine, take with meals or famotidine 1 hr before meals; no antacids 1hr after

Take 30-60 min before main meal; do not crush enteric-coated; IV pantoprazole needs filter

Neutralize gastric acid and increase pH; aluminum/magnesium compounds; take on empty stomach Do not give within 1-2 hours of other drugs; monitor for constipation (Al) or diarrhea (Mg)

Mucosal barrier fortifier; forms protective coating over ulcers; take 1 hr before meals and at bedtime

Prostaglandin analog; protects gastric mucosa from NSAID damage; contraindicated in pregnancy

Triple Therapy for H. Pylori

PPI + two antibiotics (e.g., clarithromycin + amoxicillin or metronidazole + tetracycline)

PPI + bismuth subsalicylate + metronidazole + tetracycline; used for penicillin allergy

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Gastritis

Question	Answer
Gastritis Definition	Inflammation of the gastric mucosa (stomach lining) classified as erosive/nonerosive and acute/chronic
Acute Gastritis	Sudden onset, short duration, often caused by H. pylori infection, NSAIDs, alcohol, or irritants
Chronic Gastritis	Long-term inflammation; can be autoimmune (pernicious anemia) or due to chronic H. pylori infection
Erosive Gastritis	Causes mucosal damage and ulcers; linked to NSAIDs, alcohol, stress, and recent radiation
Nonerosive Gastritis	Most often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection without significant mucosal erosion
H. Pylori Infection	Bacterial cause of most gastritis and PUD; spread via contaminated food/water; requires antibiotics
Risk Factors	Prolonged NSAID/steroid use, excessive alcohol, smoking, stress, advanced age, H. pylori Dyspepsia, epigastric pain/burning, nausea, vomiting, bloating, anorexia, weight loss
Symptoms Complications	Dyspepsia, epigastric pain/burning, nausea, vomiting, bloating, anorexia, weight loss; Gastric bleeding (hematemesis, melena), pernicious anemia, dehydration, gastric outlet obstruction;
Diagnosis of Gastritis	Upper endoscopy (EGD) with biopsy is gold standard; also H. pylori breath/stool tests NPO 6-8 hours prior; throat anesthetic used; monitor for perforation post-procedure
Gastritis Nursing Care	Monitor I&O, electrolytes; small frequent meals; avoid irritants; stress reduction; observe for bleeding
Pernicious Anemia	Result of chronic gastritis damaging parietal cells, reducing intrinsic factor and B12 absorption
Pernicious Anemia Treatment	Requires lifelong monthly vitamin B12 injections due to lack of intrinsic factor
H2 Receptor Antagonists	Decrease gastric acid by blocking h2 receptors ; -tidine, take with meals or famotidine 1 hr before meals; no antacids 1hr after
PPI Administration	Take 30-60 min before main meal; do not crush enteric-coated; IV pantoprazole needs filter
Antacids Action	Neutralize gastric acid and increase pH; aluminum/magnesium compounds; take on empty stomach Do not give within 1-2 hours of other drugs; monitor for constipation (Al) or diarrhea (Mg)
Sucralfate Use	Mucosal barrier fortifier; forms protective coating over ulcers; take 1 hr before meals and at bedtime
Misoprostol	Prostaglandin analog; protects gastric mucosa from NSAID damage; contraindicated in pregnancy
Triple Therapy for H. Pylori	PPI + two antibiotics (e.g., clarithromycin + amoxicillin or metronidazole + tetracycline)
Quadruple Therapy	PPI + bismuth subsalicylate + metronidazole + tetracycline; used for penicillin allergy

Created by: Wasurenboh

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