Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)

The continuous tube that runs from the mouth to the anus where food is digested, nutrients are absorbed, and waste is eliminated.

The mouth; where digestion begins as food is chewed and mixed with saliva.

The throat; a passageway that moves food from the mouth to the esophagus.

A flap of cartilage that closes over the airway during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs.

A muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach using peristalsis (wave-like contractions).

A muscular organ that mixes food with acid and enzymes to begin chemical digestion.

The long, coiled organ where most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.

The first section; receives bile and pancreatic enzymes for digestion.

The middle section; absorbs most nutrients into the bloodstream.

The final section; absorbs vitamin B₁₂, bile salts, and remaining nutrients.

A pouch at the beginning of the large intestine that connects to the small intestine.

Absorbs water and electrolytes and forms solid waste (feces).

Moves waste upward on the right side of the abdomen.

Moves waste across the abdomen.

Moves waste downward on the left side.

An S-shaped section that stores waste before elimination.

Stores feces until a bowel movement occurs.

The opening where feces leave the body.

Produce saliva to moisten food and begin carbohydrate digestion.

Physically break food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion).

Moves food, helps with swallowing, and contains taste buds.

A small structure at the back of the throat that helps prevent food from entering the nasal cavity.

Produces bile to help digest fats and processes nutrients.

Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

A small pouch attached to the cecum; thought to support immune function and gut bacteria.

Circular muscles that control the movement of food through the GI tract.

Upper Esophageal Sphincter

Controls food entry from the pharynx into the esophagus.

Lower Esophageal (Cardiac) Sphincter

Prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus.

Controls the release of partially digested food from the stomach into the duodenum.

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digestion study stac

Term	Definition
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)	The continuous tube that runs from the mouth to the anus where food is digested, nutrients are absorbed, and waste is eliminated.
Oral Cavity	The mouth; where digestion begins as food is chewed and mixed with saliva.
Pharynx	The throat; a passageway that moves food from the mouth to the esophagus.
Epiglottis	A flap of cartilage that closes over the airway during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs.
Esophagus	A muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach using peristalsis (wave-like contractions).
Stomach	A muscular organ that mixes food with acid and enzymes to begin chemical digestion.
Small Intestine	The long, coiled organ where most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.
Duodenum	The first section; receives bile and pancreatic enzymes for digestion.
Jejunum	The middle section; absorbs most nutrients into the bloodstream.
Ileum	The final section; absorbs vitamin B₁₂, bile salts, and remaining nutrients.
Cecum	A pouch at the beginning of the large intestine that connects to the small intestine.
Large Intestine	Absorbs water and electrolytes and forms solid waste (feces).
Ascending Colon	Moves waste upward on the right side of the abdomen.
Transverse Colon	Moves waste across the abdomen.
Descending Colon	Moves waste downward on the left side.
Sigmoid Colon	An S-shaped section that stores waste before elimination.
Rectum	Stores feces until a bowel movement occurs.
Anus	The opening where feces leave the body.
Salivary Glands	Produce saliva to moisten food and begin carbohydrate digestion.
Teeth	Physically break food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion).
Tongue	Moves food, helps with swallowing, and contains taste buds.
Uvula	A small structure at the back of the throat that helps prevent food from entering the nasal cavity.
Liver	Produces bile to help digest fats and processes nutrients.
Pancreas	Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.
Appendix	A small pouch attached to the cecum; thought to support immune function and gut bacteria.
Sphincters	Circular muscles that control the movement of food through the GI tract.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter	Controls food entry from the pharynx into the esophagus.
Lower Esophageal (Cardiac) Sphincter	Prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus.
Pyloric Sphincter	Controls the release of partially digested food from the stomach into the duodenum.

Created by: user-1898031

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